Respiration And Photosynthesis

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

-glucose is phosphorylated using ATP
-oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate
-net gain of ATP
-NAD is reduced

Question 2

Link reaction

Answer 2

Pyruvate oxidised (H removed) and decarboxylated (Co2 removed) to become a two carbon intermediate
or acetyl group. Coenzyme A is now added to produce acetylcoenzyme A.
1. Oxidation of / hydrogen removed from pyruvate and carbon dioxide released;
2. Addition of coenzyme A

Question 3

LDR

Answer 3

(a) 1. Excites electrons / electrons removed (from chlorophyll);
Accept: higher energy level as ‘excites’.
Electrons move along carriers/electron transfer chain releasing energy;
3. Energy used to join ADP and Pi to form ATP;
Photolysis of water produces protons, electrons and oxygen;
NADP reduced by electrons / electrons and protons

Question 4

LIR

Answer 4

Carbon dioxide combines with ribulose bisphosphate / RuBP;
2..
Produces two glycerate (3-)phosphate / GP;
3. GP reduced to triose phosphate / TP;
4. Using reduced NADP;.
5. Using energy. from ATP;
Must be in context of GP to TP.
6. Triose phosphate converted to glucose / hexose / RuBP / ribulose bisphosphate / named organic substance

Question 5

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 5

Electrons transferred down electron transport chain;
Provide energy to take protons / H+ into space between membranes;
Protons / H+ pass back, through membrane / into matrix / through
ATPase;
Energy used to combine ADP and phosphate / to produce ATP;

Question 6

Respiration

Answer 6

-External intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
-ribcage moves up and out and diaphragm flattens
-thorax volume increase and pressure decreases
-air pushed into the lungs moving down a pressure gradient
-breathing out:
-diaphragm relaxes and external intercostal muscles relax
-ribcage moves down and diaphragm moves up
-volume decrease and pressure increased

Question 7

Respiratory substrate

Answer 7

A substance that is capable of entering any stage of respiration and is able to produce ATP

Question 8

Kreb cycle

Answer 8

-Acetyle a combines with a 4C compound to make a 6C compound
-6C is decarboxylated and dehydrogenated (undergoes oxidation-reduction reactions)
-reduced NAD and FAD
-ATP produced
-4C is regenerated