Respiration: Structures and Processes

Question 1

Speech

Answer 1

Depends on an intricate and complex system of structures and functions working together to allow human beings to communicate.

Question 2

Respiration (Breathing)

Answer 2

Supplies the energy for speech. Includes the lungs, bronchi, trachea, spinal column, sternum, and rib cage.

Question 3

Phonation

Answer 3

Involves voicing and the structures and processes that create voice.

Question 4

Resonation

Answer 4

The process by which the voice or laryngeal tone is modified by various supra laryngeal cavities and structures.

Question 5

Articulation

Answer 5

The process of making speech sounds.

Question 6

Inhalation (or inspiration)

Answer 6

Brings oxygen to the blood by drawing air into the lungs, where an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Chest and lungs expand - diaphragm lowers - air flows in through the nose and mouth - air goes down pharynx and between open vocal folds - air continues downward through trachea and bronchial tubes - air reaches final destination of lungs.

Question 7

Exhalation (or expiration)

Answer 7

Helps get rid of mixed air and gases which result from respiratory metabolism.

Question 8

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 8

Fires impulses from brainstem to the respiratory muscles when an excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the blood cells creates a need for oxygen.

Question 9

Which lung is shorter, broader, and bigger?

Answer 9

The right lung, because the liver underneath forces it in a slightly upward position.

Question 10

Bronchi

Answer 10

Tubes that extend from the lungs upward to the trachea. Composed of cartilaginous rings bound together by fibroelastic tissue.

Question 11

Bronchioles

Answer 11

Repeatedly divide until they become very thin. Communicate with alveolar ducts.

Question 12

Alveolar Ducts

Answer 12

Open into tiny air sacs in the lungs.

Question 13

Trachea

Answer 13

A tube formed by approximately 20 rings of cartilage. Extends from the larynx.

Question 14

Spinal Column

Answer 14

Consists of 32-33 individual vertebrae. These vertebrae are divided into five segments.

Question 15

7 Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 15

C1-C7

Question 16

12 thoracic vertebrae

Answer 16

T1-T12; Provide points of attachment for the ribs.

Question 17

5 lumbar vertebrae

Answer 17

L1-L5; Large. Makes them suitable for weight-bearing functions.

Question 18

5 Sacral Vertebrae

Answer 18

S1-S5

Question 19

3-4 Coccygeal Vertebrae

Answer 19

Fused together and called the coccyx.

Question 20

Sternum

Answer 20

Breastbone. Located on the superior, anterior thoracic wall.

Question 21

3 Parts of the Sternum

Answer 21

Manubrium, body, and Xiphoid Process

Question 22

Manubrium

Answer 22

Uppermost segment of the sternum. Provides the attachment for the clavicle and first rib.

Question 23

Body (Corpus)

Answer 23

Long and narrow; The cartilages of ribs 2 through 7 attach to the body of the sternum.

Question 24

Xiphoid Process

Answer 24

Small cartilaginous structure found at the bottom of the body of the sternum.

Question 25

Rib Cage (Chest)

Answer 25

12 pairs of ribs that form a cylindrical structure. Rib cage houses and protects organs (heart and lungs)

Question 26

Rib Cage Components

Answer 26

Sternum, Thoracic Vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs

Question 27

Thoracic Muscles of Respiration

Answer 27

Diaphragm, abdomen, intercostal muscles

Question 28

Diaphragm

Answer 28

Floor of chest cavity. Thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax. Plays a major role in breathing.

Question 29

Abdomen

Answer 29

Houses structures such as the intestines, liver, and kidneys.

Question 30

Muscles of expiration

Answer 30

Latissimus Dorsi, Rectus Abdominis, Transverse Abdominis, Internal Oblique Abdominis, Quadratus Lumborum