Respiratiory C3-C7

Question 1

Tidal volume

Answer 1

Amount of air inspired or expired per breath
0.5L
Increases during exercise

Question 2

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 2

Maximal amount of air forcibly inspired in addition to tidal volume
Decrease during exercise

Question 3

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

Maximal amount of air forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume
Decrease during exercise

Question 4

Residual volume

Answer 4

Amount of air left in lungs after a maximal expiration
Approx 1.5L
Stays same in exercise

Question 5

Minute ventilation

Answer 5

Volume of air inspired or expired per minute
6L at rest
Increase in exercise

Question 6

Vital capacity

Answer 6

Amount of air that can be forced out of lungs after maximal inspiration
Stays same in exercise

Question 7

Total lung volume

Answer 7

Total lung capacity after you’ve inhaled as deeply and as much as you can after maximal inspiration
Stays same in exercise

Question 8

Neural control of breathing

Answer 8

Breathing controlled by neurones in medulla
Dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group are the two areas responsible for neural control

Question 9

Chemical control

Answer 9

Sensors that respond to changes are chemoreceptors
They are found in medulla, aortic arch and carotid arteries
Sensors detect changes in CO2 and acidity of blood

Question 10

Process of increasing breathing rate

Answer 10

Increase of CO2
Increase in blood acidity
Change detected by chemoreceptors
Signal sent to respiratory control centre located in medulla
Signal sent down sympathetic NS to intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Increases BR

Question 11

Short term responses

Answer 11

Increased breathing rate and TV
Muscles demand more O2
Increase in CO2 production
Capillary network surrounding alveoli expands
Increased blood flow to lungs and pulmonary diffusion

Question 12

Adaptations of respiratory system

Answer 12

Increased vital capacity - increased and more efficient supply of O2 to working muscles
Increased strength of respiratory muscles- greater expansion of chest cavity. Muscles more pliable
Increase in O2 and CO2 diffusion rate - can train longer and harder. Increased alveoli and capillaries

Question 13

Additional factors
Asthma

Answer 13

When airways in lungs narrow and swell and becomes built up with mucus. This makes it difficult to breathe

Question 14

Additional factors
Altitude

Answer 14

Low air pressure and density of oxygen
Harder to breathe in this oxygen
Short term:
Lungs work harder. Shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches. Need to breathe faster and deeper
Long term:
Lungs acclimatise so more efficient. More RBCs and capillaries produced to oxygenate blood more efficiently