Structure Of The Skeletal System

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the structure of the body eg. Skeletal, muscular or cardiovascular systems

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of how the body responds to exercise

Question 3

Cancellous bone

Answer 3

Light and porous bone material that has a honeycomb or spongy appearance

Question 4

Anterior

Answer 4

In front

Question 5

Posterior

Answer 5

To the back

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

Towards the midline

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

Away from the midline

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

Near the origin

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

Away from the origin

Question 10

Superior

Answer 10

Above

Question 11

Inferior

Answer 11

Below

Question 12

Long bone

Answer 12

Found in limbs, shaft known as diaphysis and 2 expanded ends known as epiphysis.
Eg. Femur, tibia, humerus

Question 13

Short bone

Answer 13

Small and light, consist of cancellous bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone. Good for fine movement.
Eg. Carpals, tarsals

Question 14

Flat bone

Answer 14

Thin, flattened and slightly curved. Large SA for muscles to attach to. Good for protection.
Eg. Sternum, cranium, scapula

Question 15

Irregular bone

Answer 15

Complex individual shapes.
Eg. Vertebrae

Question 16

Sesamoid bone

Answer 16

Specialised function provide smooth surface for tendon to slide over.
Eg. Patella

Question 17

Axial skeleton

Answer 17

Forms the main core of the skeletal system and is more rigid than the appendicular skeleton. It consists of the skull, the thoracic cage and the vertebral column.

Question 18

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 18

Comprises of the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle.

Question 19

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 19

Smallest. Greatest range of movement.

Question 20

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 20

Attachment for the ribs

Question 21

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 21

Biggest and strongest. Weight bearing. Shock absorber.

Question 22

Sacrum

Answer 22

Transmit weight from body to pelvis and legs.

Question 23

Neutral spine

Answer 23

Good posture with the correct position of the 3 natural curves.

Question 24

Kyphosis

Answer 24

The excessive outward curve of the thoracic region of the spine causing a hunchback.

Question 25

Scoliosis

Answer 25

Abnormal curvature of the spine to the left or right. Could affect breathing if ribs are more prominent on one side.

Question 26

Process of bone growth

Answer 26

Ossification is the process in which bones are formed. Cells that remove unnecessary calcium are called osteoclasts. Cells that bring the calcium to you bones are called osteoblasts. The area between the epiphysis and diaphysis where growth occurs is the epiphyseal plate. Once a long bone is fully formed, the end of each bone fuses with the diaphysis to create the epiphyseal line.