Respiratory

Question 1

What parts of the respiratory system make up the conducting zone?

Answer 1

Trachea
Main stem bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Smaller bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

Question 2

What parts of the respiratory system make up the respiratory zone?

Answer 2

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

Question 3

How many lobes does the right lunch have?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

How many lobes does the left lung have ?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What do you need for efficient gas exchange ?

Answer 5

For air to be warm at 37 degrees- body temp
Air to be 100% humidified with water
Need air to be clean

Question 6

What is external respiration ?

Answer 6

The transfer of gasses, the process in the lungs where oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere unto blood and carbon dioxide is excreted.

Question 7

What is internal (tissue) respiration?

Answer 7

The exchange of gasses between blood and tissues and and cells

Question 8

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 8

Where cells break down glucose to form ATP

Question 9

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 9

Breathing. The movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Question 10

What does the ventilatory pump comprise of?

Answer 10

Rib cage and it’s associated muscles and the diaphragm

Question 11

What is the conducting zone ?

Answer 11

Series of cavities and tubes that conduct air from the nose to the lungs

Question 12

What prevents the trachea from collapsing ?

Answer 12

C shaped rings of cartilage

Question 13

Primary function of bronchus ?

Answer 13

Conducting air

Question 14

Primary function of bronchiole?

Answer 14

Control air flow

Question 15

Where are club cells found ?

Answer 15

Bronchioles

Question 16

What is found in the bronchus but not bronchioles ?

Answer 16

Cartilage, mucous glands and goblet cells

Question 17

What part of the respiratory system does asthma affect?

Answer 17

Bronchioles. Asthma causes bronchoconstriction

Question 18

How do inhalers for asthma work?

Answer 18

They work by relaxing the smooth muscle on the bronchioles, they act as a bronchodilator

Question 19

What part of the respiratory system does cystic fibrosis affect?

Answer 19

Bronchus

Question 20

What are the main respiratory muscles?

Answer 20

Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles.

Question 21

What are the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles used for?

Answer 21

Active expiration during exercise

Question 22

What are the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm used for?

Answer 22

Inspiration

Question 23

Is inspiration passive ?

Answer 23

No, it requires muscle contraction

Question 24

Is expiration passive ?

Answer 24

Yes it relies on recoil forces

Question 25

How does the diaphragm contract during inspiration ?

Answer 25

Contacts downwards

Question 26

How do the ribs contract during inspiration ?

Answer 26

Outwards

Question 27

What is the tidal volume for an average adult human?

Answer 27

0.5L

Question 28

How can tidal volume be measured?

Answer 28

Using a spirometer

Question 29

What is tidal volume?

Answer 29

The volume of air moving into the lungs at rest

Question 30

What is vital capacity ?

Answer 30

Volume of audio from maximal expiration to maximal inspiration

Question 31

How to calculate compliance ?

Answer 31

Change in volume divided by change in pressure

Question 32

What is surface tension important for ?

Answer 32

Deflating the lungs

Question 33

What does COPD do to lung compliance ?

Answer 33

Increases lung compliance

Question 34

Wast dies fibrosis do to lung compliance ?

Answer 34

Decreases lung compliance

Question 35

Where is the lowest and height airflow resistance ?

Answer 35

Lowest= Bronchioles Highest= Upper airway

Question 36

What do peoples lungs with COPD have difficulty doing?

Answer 36

Have difficulty deflating their lungs

Question 37

What causes fibrosis

Answer 37

The laying down of more collagen

Question 38

What causes COPD

Answer 38

Smoking destroys the elastin in the lungs

Question 39

What would the x-ray of a COPD patients lungs look like ?

Answer 39

Longer, wider lungs Flattened diaphragm Reduced mid sternal space

Question 40

What would the x-ray of a patients lungs look like if they had fibrosis?

Answer 40

Deflated lungs Widened mid sternal space Fluffy areas indicating fibrotic tissue