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Unit 3 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three methods for transporting Co2 in the body are:
a)Carbaminohaemoglobin, bicarbonate ions, and antigen-presenting cells
b)Plasma, bicarbonate ions, and antigen-presenting cells
c) Plasma, carbaminohaemoglobin, and potassium ions
d) Plasma, carbaminohaemoglobin, and bicarbonate ions

A

d

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1
Q

The amount air inhaled or exhaled with each breath in a resting adult is termed the
a) vital capacity
b) Tidal volume
c) Residual volume
d) inspiratory capacity

A

b

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2
Q

what is the main functions of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange between lung and blood
warms and humidify air in the

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3
Q

What are the three main areas in the throat

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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4
Q

what does the respiratory system do (9)

A

Warming and humidifying air
Olfaction
Phonation
filter particulate matter
pulmonary ventilation
metabolism of potentially damaging chemicals
endocrine functions
Site of immune defence
gas exchange

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5
Q

What system does the lung work close with

A

Circulation system

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6
Q

What is included in the upper respiratory system (5)

A

Nose
Nasal cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx

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7
Q

What splits the upper respiratory to the lower respiratory

A

cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

what is included in the lower respiratory system

A

trachea
lungs

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9
Q

what are the three main areas in the throat

A

nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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10
Q

What is this called in the throat
the back of the nose cavity

A

nasopharynx

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11
Q

What is this called
part of the mouth back of the tongue

A

oropharynx

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12
Q

What is this called
associate with the larynx the voice box

A

Laryngopharynx

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13
Q

what does the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage support

A

The larynx

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14
Q

the anatomy of the lung are influenced by the heart and the thoracic cavity how

A

thoracic cavity changes the volume of the lungs
Lungs are asymmetrical because it helps with having space for the heart

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15
Q

what is the function of the pleural membrane

A

Allows optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing because it acts as a lubricant for the two lungs to glide over each other friction free

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16
Q

structure of the pleural membrane

A

a serious membrane that fold back on itself to form two layers membrane pleural sac which covers the lungs

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17
Q

What muscles used for forced inhalation

A

neck muscles
Chest muscle
Spinal muscles

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18
Q

What muscles used for forced exhalation

A

stomach muscles
Back muscles

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19
Q

Quite inspiration and exhalation what muscles are used

A

Diaphragm
intercostal muscles

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20
Q

Define dalton law

A

Total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the individual gases

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21
Q

How does partial pressure work with gas exchange

A

Partial pressure is where the partial pressure is higher to an area where its partial pressure is lower and will move from high to low

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22
Q

what can alveolar gas exchange be affected by (5)

A

concentration gradient of gases
Gas solubility
Thickness of the membrane
Surface area of the respiratory membrane
Ventilation and perfusion coupling

23
Q

What is perfusion

A

The blood that reaches the alveoli via the pulmonary capillaries

24
Q

What is alveolar ventilation

A

Volume of air which takes part in gas exchange reaching the alveoli

25
Q

Why is there more perfusion at the base of the lungs to to the top

A

due to gravity pulling blood down to the base of the lungs
Lower V/Q ratio compared to the apex

25
Q

Why is there more perfusion at the base of the lungs to to the top

A

due to gravity pulling blood down to the base of the lungs
Lower V/Q ratio compared to the apex

26
Q

What is the V/Q ratio at the apex

A

3

27
Q

What is the V/Q ratio at the base of the lung

A

0.6

28
Q

What is the middle of the lungs V/Q ratio

A

0.8

29
Q

optimum balance of radio ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) is

A

0.8

30
Q

What is Cooperative binding of haemoglobin

A

The binding of oxygen by haemoglobin increase the amount of oxygen molecules that bind with haemoglobin.

31
Q

What molecules make a deoxyhaemoglobin

A

4 haemoglobin
4 iron molecules

32
Q

What molecules make a oxyhaemoglobin

A

4 haemoglobin
4 iron molecules
4 oxygen molecules

33
Q

How does haemoglobin pick up the 4 oxygens oxygen

A

deoxyhaemoglobin bind to a oxygen molecule
the haemoglobin molecule slightly changes shape to make it easier to bind to the next oxygen molecule.

34
Q

When haemoglobin bind to oxygen what is removed

A

hydrogen ions are free

35
Q

what does oxyhaemoglobin curve show

A

How haemoglobin saturated with oxygen is related to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
represents how the body blood carries and release oxygen.

36
Q

What does oxygen saturation show

A

the percentage of oxygen in someones blood

37
Q

What shape is age oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

A

S Shape

38
Q

What is the Bohr effect

A

hemoglobin lower affinity for oxygen secondary to increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide or decrease blood Ph enhance the unloading of oxygen into tissue to meet the oxygen demand of the tissue.

39
Q

What is the Haldane effect

A

The amount of Co2 transported is affected by the amount the blood is oxygenated

40
Q

What is pulmonary compliance

A

The amount the lungs can expand out when breathing

41
Q

What is lung tissue elasticity

A

Letting the lungs expand and inflate

42
Q

What is ventilation

A

The movement of air when exhaling or inhaling

43
Q

What is the importance between ventilation, lung elasticity and pulmonary compliance

A

Being able to produce regular breathing

44
Q

why the alveoli do not collapse when one exhales.

A

residual volume which is the air remaining in the lung after expiration

45
Q

What can you use to measure respiratory volume and capacity

A

Spirometer

46
Q

What are the respiratory volumes (3)

A

minute volume
Residual volume
Tidal volume

47
Q

What is the Minute volume and the amount of breaths and litres of air intake

A

Air drawn in at rest for a minute
12 to 16 breaths per minute
6-8 litres per min

48
Q

What is residual volume and average amount

A

Air remaining in lungs after expiration
1.2 litres

49
Q

What is tidal volume and average amount

A

Air taken in during one breath
0.5 litres

50
Q

What is vital capacity average

A

Max volume of inspired breath follow by max expiration
3.5 - 4.5 litre

51
Q

What can we use lung volumes to track what disease 2 examples

A

Asthma
COPD

52
Q

What is dynamic spirometry good for assessing what disorders

A

obstructive disorders

53
Q

What does the dynamic spirometry measure

A

force expiatory volume in one second
Forced vital capacity
Calculate the ratio

Unit 3 (4 decks)

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