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Anatomy and P > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract (5)

A

Nostrils, Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and trachea

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2
Q

Lower respiratory Tract (4)

A

Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveolar ducts, Alveoli

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system

A

Swapping oxygen for carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What are the secondary functions of the respiratory system (3)

A
  1. Body temp regulation
  2. acid-base balance regulation
  3. smell
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5
Q

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

A

Breathing is the mechanical action of bringing air into and out of the lungs. Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide by diffusion across the lung cells and the rest of the body’s cells.

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6
Q

What is the difference between internal respiration and external respiration? which one occurs in the lungs

A

Internal: Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood in the capillaries all over the body and all of the cells and tissues of the body. Occurs all over the body

External: Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air inhaled into the lungs and the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. Occurs in the lungs

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7
Q

Nostrils are ______ openings and lead into the ____ passages

A

External; nasal

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8
Q

What part of the lung lies directly on the diaphragm?

A

Base

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9
Q

Which of the following structures contributes to phonation in some way?

A

sinuses

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10
Q

Which of the following structures is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

alveoli

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11
Q

What controls respiration (3)

A

pH level, oxygen content and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood

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12
Q

What membrane covers the structures in the thorax?

A

visceral pleura

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13
Q

Alveoli are responsible for:

A

external respiration

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14
Q

What bridges the gap between the ends of each cartilage ring in the trachea?

A

smooth muscle

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15
Q

How many tets does cow have

A

4

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16
Q

Which of the following are the main expiratory muscles?

A

internal intercostal and abdominal muscles

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17
Q

If the carbon dioxide level in blood decreases, the pH usually _____ and respiration _____.

A

rises, decreases

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18
Q

Which is the primary chemical control of breathing?

A

blood carbon dioxide level

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19
Q

In an animal that hypoventilates during surgery, which of the following steps is recommended?

A

bagging to cause more carbon dioxide than normal to be eliminated by the lungs

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20
Q

Which structures form the bounderies of the glottis?

A

arytenoid cartilages and vocal cords

21
Q

What happens to increased amounts of mucous produced in the trachea?

A

it is coughed up

22
Q

When does the epiglottis cover the glottis?

A

during swallowing and when foreign material is inhaled

23
Q

Where are the following located: heart, major vessels, trachea and lymphatics?

A

mediastinum

24
Q

The thorax must maintain the negative intrthoracic pressure to maintain optimal respiratory function.

A

True

25
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air inspired and expired during one breath

26
Q

minute volume

A

volume of air inspired and expired during 1 minute

27
Q

residual volume

A

volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration

28
Q

What type of tissue lines the alveolus?

A

simple squamous

29
Q

In what vessel does blood leave the right side of the heart on its way to the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

30
Q

Which of the following are the main inspiratory muscles?

A

external intercostal and diaphragm

31
Q

The blood, lymph, nerves, and vessels enter and exit the lungs in this section:

A

hilus

32
Q

Which of the following results from negative thoracic pressure?

A

Blood is pulled into the large veins in the mediastinum and returns to the heart.

33
Q

What is the name of a nasal passageway in the nose?

A

meatus

34
Q

In a healthy animal, what happens to the bronchial passageways during times of intense physical activity?

A

They bronchodilate.

35
Q

What substance within alveoli that keeps the lungs from collapsing in normal situations?

A

surfactant

36
Q

Inflammation of the sinuses is called:

A

sinusitis

37
Q

Where does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange take place?

A

alveoli

38
Q

Which of the following is a function of the larynx?

A

prevention of foreign material from being inhaled

39
Q

Tracheal intubation requires passage of the endotracheal tube between that paired structures?

A

aretnoid cartilage

40
Q

When does the epiglottis cover the glottis (2)

A

when swallowing or foreign objects

41
Q

Which of the following structures is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

alveoli

42
Q

The thorax must maintain the negative intrthoracic pressure to maintain optimal respiratory function.

A

True

43
Q

How many tests do horse have

A

2

44
Q

How many teats cats have

A

6-8

45
Q

How many teats dogs have

A

8-10

46
Q

Negative pressure in the thorax is important because

A

allows the return of blood to the heart. Helps draw blood from the midsize veins into the large veins, which then go to the heart.

47
Q

The 3 main condition roles performed by the nasal lining is

A
  1. warming
  2. humidifying
  3. filtering
48
Q

nares lead to

A

nasal passages

49
Q

The function of nasal passages

A

sense of smell and condition the inhaled air that passes through them

Anatomy and P (18 decks)

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