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Anatomy and P > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Vision

A

2

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2
Q

Smell

A

1

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3
Q

Cells that support neurons structurally and functionally are called:

A

neuroglia

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4
Q

Neurons that release norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic

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5
Q

Neurons that release acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic

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6
Q

The part of the brain that separates the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue itself:

A

Blood brain barrier

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7
Q

A reflex arc commonly used to assess the depth of anesthesia is:

A

pupillary light reflex

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8
Q

Damage to this part of the brain can result in rapid death.

A

Brain stem

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9
Q

Sensations from the gastrointestinal tract are provided by this nerve:

A

CN X, vagus

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10
Q

The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary nervous system functions is the:

A

autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

Increased heart rate and force of contraction are the result of stimulating:

A

beta2-adrenergic receptors in the heart

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12
Q

During repolarization:

A

potassium ions move out of the cell

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13
Q

When you pet a dog, which receptors send a sensation from the skin to the dog’s brain?

A

afferent

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14
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord contains:

A

neuron cell bodies

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15
Q

The part of the brain responsible for learning, intelligence, and awareness (“higher-order” functions) is:

A

Cerebrum

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16
Q

This structure contains a T-shaped cartilage, and its inner surface has lymph nodules and an accessory lacrimal gland.

A

third eyelid

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17
Q

Most of the structures responsible for hearing are housed in this bone:

A

Temporal

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18
Q

Visceral sensations can originate in (3)

A

1.

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19
Q

This structure is responsible for most of the focusing (distance & close-up) work of the eye.

A

Cornea

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20
Q

This ring-shaped structure immediately behind the iris contains muscles that adjust the shape of the lens:

A

ciliary body

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21
Q

Nociceptors are not found in this organ:

A

Brain

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22
Q

This structure is responsible for most of the refractive work of the eye:

A

Cornea

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23
Q

Modulation of a painful nerve impulse occurs in the:

A

Spinal cord

24
Q

Both smell & taste sensations respond to this type of stimulus:

A

Chemical

25
Q

Visceral sensations respond to this type of stimulus:

A

Mechanical

26
Q

Taste buds are found here:

A

on the tongue and in the lining of the mouth and throat

27
Q

Rising amounts of this hormone in the blood cause the anterior pituitary to produce less and less follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

A

estrogen

28
Q

Calcium plays an important role in (3)

A

1.

29
Q

This hormone stimulates strong uterine contractions in the uterus at the time of parturition:

A

oxytocin

30
Q

Secretin and cholecystokinin are produced by the:

A

cells lining the small intestine

31
Q

These hormones help to maintain blood pressure, resist effects of stress, cause blood glucose to rise, and are also known as steroids:

A

glucocorticoids

32
Q

In most animals, ovulation occurs when this hormone reaches its peak:

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

33
Q

The pancreas produces insulin, which functions to:

A

lower blood levels of glucose

34
Q

Calcitonin

A

functions to prevent hypercalcemia

35
Q

This hormone helps trigger and maintain lactation:

A

Prolactin

36
Q

The pituitary gland is also known as the:

A

hypophysis

37
Q

Two other hormones in addition to glucagon that function to raise blood sugar levels are:

A

growth hormones and glucocorticoids

38
Q

The target for epinephrine and norepinephrine is:

A

whole body

39
Q

Growth hormone causes:

A

protein anabolism

40
Q

Hormone secretion is usually controlled by _____ systems.

A

Negative feedback

41
Q

Which element is vital to the production and function of hemoglobin?

A

Iron

42
Q

When is the best time to make a smear of a blood sample?

A

as soon as possible after the sample is drawn

43
Q

What is the transport plasma protein that picks up hemoglobin in the blood and takes it to the liver?

A

haptoglobin

44
Q

Which leukocyte is involved in antibody production and cellular immunity?

A

lymphocyte

45
Q

The three granulocytes are

A
  1. eosinophils
    2 .neutrophils
  2. basophils
46
Q

Which test is the percentage of RBC in the total blood volume?

A

PCV

47
Q

What are the largest leukocytes in an animal’s circulation?

A

monocytes

48
Q

What is the parent cell of the platelet?

A

megakaryocyte

49
Q

What happens to iron in an erythrocyte that undergoes extravascular hemolysis?

A

It is transported to the red bone marrow.

50
Q

Which cell does not phagocytize foreign material?

A

lymphocytes

51
Q

The process of coating invading microorganisms with specific antibodies that help neutrophils phagocytize them is called:

A

opsonization

52
Q

What makes plasma yellow?

A

bilirubin

53
Q

What makes erythrocytes red?

A

hemoglobin

54
Q

Which part of the immune system targets specific organisms, but is slower to respond?

A

Adaptive

55
Q

Which organ has white pulp (localized areas of lymphoid tissue) and red pulp (blood vessels, tissue macrophages, and blood storage spaces)?

A

Spleen

56
Q

The lymph nodes located behind the knee (stifle joint) are called:

A

popliteal

57
Q

Nodules of lymphoid tissue that are not covered with a capsule are called:

A

tonsils

Anatomy and P (18 decks)

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