Respiratory

Question 1

Nose

Answer 1

where air enters and exits
- filters air with hair and mucus
- increases the temperature and humidity of air
- passes by adenoids which catch some pathogens

Question 2

pharynx

Answer 2

shared tube of mouth and nose

Question 3

epiglottis

Answer 3

flap that helps prevent food and water from reaching the lungs

Question 4

larynx

Answer 4

cartilaginous chamber that contains vocal chords

Question 5

trachea

Answer 5

tube from larynx to bronchi
- has rings of cartilage to maintain airway

Question 6

bronchi

Answer 6

first split
- each goes to a lung

Question 7

bronchioles

Answer 7

the continued branching until it reaches nearly microscopic levels

Question 8

alveoli

Answer 8

gas filled balloons that are wrapped in capillaries
- only one cell thick important for diffusion of gas
- O2 diffuses into blood due to concentration gradient, carbon dioxide diffuses out

Question 9

diaphragm

Answer 9

large, flat muscle that pulls in and pushes out air from the lungs
- lungs cannot pull in air without diaphragm

Question 10

where are the lungs located

Answer 10

in the rib cage above the diaphragm, separated by the heart

Question 11

respiration

Answer 11

gas exchange
overall exchange of inhaled oxygen from the outside air for exhaled carbon dioxide waste.

Question 12

hypoxia

Answer 12

occurs when tissues do not receive enough oxygen

Question 13

nitrogen narcosis

Answer 13

where nitrogen dissolves into the body, including the brain

Question 14

respiratory volumes

Answer 14

the amount of air inhaled/exhaled during different activities

Question 15

residual volume

Answer 15

amount of air always in lungs for proper inflation
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration

Question 16

tidal volume

Answer 16

normal breath
the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

Question 17

vital capacity

Answer 17

maximum inhale and exhale
the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation

Question 18

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 18

the amount of air a person can inhale forcefully after normal tidal volume inspiration

Question 19

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 19

the amount of air that can be pushed out of the lungs (beyond the tidal volume) upon forced expiration

Question 20

total lung capacity

Answer 20

the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration

Question 21

heart attack

Answer 21

caused by reduced or stopped flow of blood to coronary arteries
- causes damage or death to part of the heart

Question 22

heart failure

Answer 22

heart muscle loses function over time

Question 23

bypass

Answer 23

a blockage of coronary arteries is bypassed by inserting a vessel around the block

Question 24

pneumonia

Answer 24

inflammation in lung tissue

Question 25

tuberculosis

Answer 25

infection that destroys patches of lung tissue

Question 26

bronchitis

Answer 26

infection of bronchi

Question 27

emphysema

Answer 27

alveoli begins to break down, further eroding the ability to breathe

Question 28

asthma

Answer 28

smooth muscles in the bronchiole walls contract in spasms, mucus rushes in and breathing becomes difficult