Respiratory

Question 1

General survery 8 items

Answer 1

1. v/s
2. nasal flaring
3. pursed-lip breathing
4. skin color (tongue, face, lip)
5. nail colour & shape
6. position
7. voice
8. use of accessory msucle

Question 2

Normal & abnormal result of nasal flaring

Answer 2

no nasal flaring; presnt may indicate hypoxia

Question 3

Normal & abnormal result of pursed lip breathing

Answer 3

no pursed lip breathing: pursed lip breathing slow down expiration, reduce air trapping

Question 4

Normal result of skin colour

Answer 4

no prominent discolouration

Question 5

Abnormal result of skin colour

Answer 5

purplish colouration may indicate central cyanosis of acute hypoxa

Question 6

Normal result of nail colour & shape

Answer 6

160 degree b/t nail bed & skin
pinkish nail bed colour

Question 7

Abnormal result of nail colour & shape

Answer 7

cyanotic/ pallor colour indicate poor circulation
Clubbing: may indicate chronic hypoxia

Question 8

Abnormal result of use of accessory msucle

Answer 8

use of accessory msucle: tripezius & sternomastoid muscle aid breathing

Question 9

Normal result of use of accessory muscle

Answer 9

without use of accesssory muscle

Question 10

Normal result of voice quality

Answer 10

complete a sentence without pause
without hoarse

Question 11

Abnormal result of voice quality

Answer 11

unable to complete the whole sentence due to breathing issue
hoarseness present

Question 12

normal result of position

Answer 12

relaxed, hands on the laps/ sides, sititng upright, breathing easily

Question 13

Abnormal result of position

Answer 13

tripod position: lean forward, arms used to support weight, lift chest to aid breathing capacity

Question 14

3 posterior inspection

Answer 14

1. scapula
2. Anterposterior: Transverse ratio
3. spinous process

Question 15

Normal result of scapula inspection

Answer 15

symmetric

Question 16

Normal & abnormal result of spinous process inspection

Answer 16

appear stright; deviation indicate scoliosis, may lead to muscle & lung function loss

Question 17

Normal & abnormal result of anterposterior: transverse ratio inspection

Answer 17

1:2; 1:1, barrel chest, hyperinflation

Question 18

3 posterior & anterior palpation

Answer 18

1. chest expansion
2. crepitus
3. temperature, sensation, tenderness

Question 19

Chest expansion palpation normal result

Answer 19

examiner’s hand move symmetrically 5-10cm apart

Question 20

chest expansion palpation abnormal result

Answer 20

decreased expansion: may due to COPD
unequal chest expansion: may indicate complication on the affected side

Question 21

Crepitus palpation normal result

Answer 21

no palpable crepitus

Question 22

Crepitus palpation abnormal result

Answer 22

may indicate air leaks into subcutaneous layer

Question 23

Tenderness, tempeature, sensation palpation normal result

Answer 23

no tenderness, no unsual sensation
warm & equl temperature bilaterallly

Question 24

tenderness, temperature, sensation palpation abnormal result

Answer 24

tenderness/ heating may indicate injuries: fractured ribs, connective tissue inflammation, inflamed pleurae, local skin infection

Question 25

Posterior percussion normal result

Answer 25

flat over scapula & resonance over lung tissue

Question 26

Posterior percussion abnormal result

Answer 26

dullness: indicte solid/ fluid (pneumonia) Hyperesonance: indicate air trapping (pneumonthorax)

Question 27

Posterior & anterior ausculatation normal result

Answer 27

bilaterally equal ai-entry sound: vesicular sound & bronchovesicular sound

Question 28

Posterior & anterior ausculatation abnormal result

Answer 28

wheeze: narrowed airway Crackles: fluid accumulation Diminished: little air moving in or out

Question 29

4 anterior inspection

Answer 29

1. trachea & sternum position 2. sternum retraction 3. repiratory rate 4. intercostal muscle retraction/ bulging

Question 30

trachea & sternum posiiton inspection normal result

Answer 30

midsternal/ midline

Question 31

trachea & sternum posiiton inspection abnormal result

Answer 31

deviation: may indicate lung complication sunken/ prostrution of sternum: lung expansion restriction & decrease lung capacity

Question 32

Respiratory rate inspection normal result

Answer 32

10-18 bpm

Question 33

Respiratory rate inspection abnormal result

Answer 33

hyperventilation, tahcypnea, bradypnea laboured & noisy breathing: asthma/ chronic bronchitis

Question 34

Sternum retraction inspection normal result

Answer 34

no retraction

Question 35

Sternum retraction inspection abnormal result

Answer 35

sternum pulling inward indicate respiratory distress

Question 36

intercostal musle retraction/ bulging abnormal result

Answer 36

retraction: increased inspiratory effort due o airway obstruction bulging: ai trapping

Question 36

intercostal muscle retraction/ bulging inspection normal result

Answer 36

no retraction/ bulging

Question 37

Anterior percussion normal result

Answer 37

tympany: stomach dullness: liver, heat, breast resonance: lung flatness: bone

Question 38

Anterior percussion abnormal result

Answer 38

dullness: tumor, solid inside hyperresonance: air trapped