Respiratory Flashcards
Albuterol/ ventalin Proventil
Short acting
β-2 agonist= Bronchodilation via inc Camp- relaxes bronchial SM
Inhaled
SE- β-1 activity, tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety
Epinephrine
Adrenergic agonist
Binds α, β-1, β-2 receptors- non selective
β-2 agonist activity inc Camp= relaxed bronchials- bronchodialation
Salmetrol/ serevent
Long acting
β-2 agonist- Bronchodilation
Chronic asthma/bronchospasm
SE- HA, cough, blocked by beta-blockers
Ipratropium
Anticholerginc
For maintenance therapy of asthma & COPD
Competitive antagonists at muscarinic ACH receptors= unopposed sympathetic tone- bronchodialation
Zafirlukast/ accolate
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Prophylactic for chronic asthma
Competitive antagonism of leukotriene D4 & E4 receptors- inhibits bronchoconstriction & inflammation
Beclomethasone/ beclovent vanceril
Corticosteroid
For asthma not controlled by sympathetics alone(bronchodialators)
SE- inc likelihood of thrush
Inhaled
Prednisone/ deltasone
Corticosteroid
COPD, worsening asthma
Dec. Inflammation & edema
Theophylline/ theo-dur
Xanthine/ methylxanthine
Severe asthma maintenance
Bronchodialation- inhibition of phosphodiesterase
SE- dose dependent- n/v, HA, insomnia, tachycardia, dizziness, seizures
Codine
Narcotic analgesic
Cough suppressant- supresses the sensitivity of CNS cough centers in medulla
SE- drowsiness, constipation, GI upset
Often formulated with an antihistamine
Dextromethromethopran
Derivative of morphine
Cough suppression- supress CNS cough centers
Less constipating than. Narcotic based antitussives
Commonly used drugs classes for allergic rhinitis
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
Cromolyn
α-adrenergic agonists
Diphenhydramine/ Benadryl
Anti-histamine
For allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, puritis, to induce sleep
H1 receptor site blockade- does not block the production of histamine
PO- crosses BBB
SE- variable sedation, drying & thickening of secretions, urinary retention
Loratadine / Claritin
Non-sedating antihistamines
Seasonal allergic rhinitis, hay fever
H1 receptor antagonist- does not cross BBB(binds to albumin, is ionized)
SE- drying secretions dry mouth
Phenylephrine/ neo-synephrine, afrin
Alpha agonist
For stuffy nose
α1 vasopressor, nasal decongestant
SE- severe rebound effects, nasal mucosal swelling & congestion= dependence(rhinitis medicosum)
Nasal corticosteroids
Beclomethasone/ beconase
Budesonide/ rhinocort
Local control of nasal inflammation
Decreased inflammatory mediators in nasal mucosa
SE- irritation of nasal mucosa, nose bleeds, sore throat, nasal candidiasis possible
