RESPIRATORY

Question 1

What statement from the COPD client indicates an increase in dyspnea?

Answer 1

I prop myself up at night to sleep

Question 2

What is the priority nursing action for a client with asthma and a red zone PEF reading?

Answer 2

Administer rescue drugs

Question 3

What symptoms are anticipated in an older adult client suspected of having pneumonia?

Answer 3

• Fever
• Cough
• Confusion
• Weakness

Question 4

Which order will the nurse implement first for the pneumonia client?

Answer 4

Blood cultures and urinalysis

Question 5

What risk factors for VTE are present in the 61-year-old female client?

Answer 5

• Recent surgery
• Prolonged bed rest

Question 6

What finding indicates that the heparin infusion is therapeutic?

Answer 6

aPTT is 1.5 to 2.5 times the control

Question 7

What teaching points should the nurse include for the client being discharged on warfarin?

Answer 7

• Be sure to have follow-up INR laboratory tests done.
• Report any bruising or bleeding to your provider.
• Use a soft toothbrush to brush your teeth and an electric razor to shave your legs.

Question 8

What client response indicates a need for further teaching regarding warfarin therapy?

Answer 8

I should drink more green tea and cranberry juice

Question 9

What is a potential extrapulmonary cause of ventilatory failure?

Answer 9

Opioid analgesic overdose

Question 10

What is the appropriate nursing action if vagal stimulation occurs while suctioning a client?

Answer 10

Oxygenate with 100% oxygen

Question 11

What is the process of inhaling and exhaling called?

Answer 11

Ventilation

Question 12

Define respiration.

Answer 12

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level.

Question 13

What are the components of the upper respiratory system?

Answer 13

Nose and mouth.

Question 14

What comprises the lower respiratory system?

Answer 14

Neck and thoracic cavity; trachea is the entrance to the lungs.

Question 15

What is the relationship between oxygen concentration in the alveoli and capillaries?

Answer 15

Oxygen concentration is greater in the alveoli than in the capillaries.

Question 16

What do stretch receptors in the lungs control?

Answer 16

The volume of air inhaled with each breath.

Question 17

What is the significance of the quality of breathing?

Answer 17

Refers to the effort involved when taking a breath and the sounds that may occur.

Question 18

What changes occur in the respiratory system as an aging adult?

Answer 18

Pulmonary function declines, chest walls and airways lose elasticity, and effort to breathe increases.

Question 19

What is hypoxemia?

Answer 19

Decreased level of oxygen in blood.

Question 20

What is the early sign of hypoxemia?

Answer 20

Retractions or drawing in of the chest wall.

Question 21

What is dyspnea?

Answer 21

Labored breathing or shortness of breath (SOB).

Question 22

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 22

Lung collapse caused by the collection of free air in the pleural space.

Question 23

What is atelectasis?

Answer 23

Collapse of all or part of a lung.

Question 24

What can decreased levels of O2 lead to?

Answer 24

Respiratory acidosis.

Question 25

What are adventitious breath sounds?

Answer 25

Abnormal sounds heard in the lungs, including crackles, rhonchi, wheezing, and pleural friction rub.

Question 26

What does the presence of crackles indicate?

Answer 26

Fluid, inflammation, exudates, or atelectasis.

Question 27

What is the purpose of deep breathing exercises?

Answer 27

To promote lung expansion and oxygenation.

Question 28

What is the purpose of hyperoxygenation before suctioning?

Answer 28

To increase oxygen flow before and between suction attempts.

Question 29

What does the Venturi mask do?

Answer 29

Delivers the most accurate percentage of oxygen.

Question 30

What is the role of bronchodilators in respiratory therapy?

Answer 30

To relax smooth muscle of the airway and decrease mucus secretions.

Question 31

What are common pharmacologic therapies for chronic respiratory problems?

Answer 31

* Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) * Inhaled corticosteroids * Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)

Question 32

What does the presence of diminished breath sounds indicate?

Answer 32

Possible airway obstruction or lung collapse.

Question 33

What are modifiable risk factors for respiratory conditions?

Answer 33

* Hypertension * Atherosclerosis * Obesity * T2 Diabetes * Smoking * Stress * Anxiety

Question 34

What is the recommended positioning for optimal breathing?

Answer 34

Fowler's position.

Question 35

What interventions can be used to promote secretion clearance?

Answer 35

* Deep breathing and coughing * Suction * Chest percussion * Postural drainage

Question 36

What should be monitored in a patient receiving oxygen therapy?

Answer 36

* O2 saturation * Breath sounds * Pain * Restlessness * Anxiety

Question 37

What is the purpose of suctioning in respiratory care?

Answer 37

To clear secretions when a patient is unable to cough them up.

Question 38

What is the goal of nursing interventions for patients with respiratory issues?

Answer 38

To ensure adequate oxygenation and comfort.

Question 39

What is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)?

Answer 39

Applies positive pressure to the airway of a client who is breathing spontaneously

Question 40

What is Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)?

Answer 40

Provides inspiratory positive airway pressure and airway support during expiration

Question 41

What is Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)?

Answer 41

Maintains positive pressure in the airways during exhalation and between breaths

Question 42

What are common ventilatory alarms?

Answer 42

* High-pressure * Low-pressure

Question 43

What does a high-pressure ventilatory alarm indicate?

Answer 43

Increased secretions, wheezing, bronchospasm, displaced or obstructed endotracheal tube, or client anxiety

Question 44

What does a low-pressure ventilatory alarm indicate?

Answer 44

Disconnection or leak in the ventilator or client's airway cuff, or client stops spontaneous breathing

Question 45

What are complications from mechanical ventilation?

Answer 45

* Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) * Barotrauma (volutrauma) * Pneumothorax * Decreased cardiac output * Stress ulcers

Question 46

What is chest physiotherapy?

Answer 46

A treatment that involves chest percussion and postural drainage to promote lung clearance

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The expected assessment for the older adult related to the natural aging process of the respiratory system includes _______.

Answer 47

Decrease in respiratory muscle strength

Question 48

What is the expected finding related to the aging process of the respiratory system?

Answer 48

* Tightening of the vocal cords * Decrease in residual volume * Decrease in anteroposterior diameter * Decrease in respiratory muscle strength

Question 49

What are some risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 49

* Obesity * Large uvula * Short neck * Smoking * Large tonsils or adenoids * Oropharyngeal edema ## Footnote These factors can contribute to airway obstruction during sleep.

Question 50

What are common assessment cues for obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 50

* Persistent daytime sleepiness * Snoring * GERD * Physical assessment of height, weight, jaw, neck, chin, oral cavity * Irritability and personality changes * Depression ## Footnote A thorough assessment is crucial for diagnosis.

Question 51

What is epistaxis and what are its common causes?

Answer 51

Nosebleed resulting from trauma, hypertension, blood dyscrasia, etc. ## Footnote Often occurs after sneezing or blowing the nose.

Question 52

What is the usual treatment for epistaxis?

Answer 52

Nasal packing; cauterization may be necessary ## Footnote Posterior nasal bleeding is considered an emergency.

Question 53

What types of interventions are commonly used for head and neck cancer?

Answer 53

* Radiation therapy * Chemotherapy * Biotherapy * Surgical intervention ## Footnote These treatments aim to manage the cancer effectively.