Respiratory

Question 1

Which type of lung cancers is associated with smoking?

Answer 1

Squamous cell lung cancer

Question 2

What is the most common lung cancer in non smokers?

Answer 2

Adenocarcinoma

Question 3

What type of hypersensitivity mediated Extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

Answer 3

Type III

Question 4

What is the causative agent of Malt workers lung?

Answer 4

Aspergillus clavatus

Question 5

What is the MoA of Bupropion?

Answer 5

Norepinephrine - dopamine reuptake antagonist

Question 6

What is the MoA of Veranicline?

Answer 6

Nicotinic receptor partial agonist

Question 7

What does a ‘cherry red’ lesion on bronchoscopy indicate?

Answer 7

Lung carcinoid

Question 8

What are the features of ARDS?

Answer 8

• bilateral crackles
• Increased RR
• dyspnoea
• Low SpO2

Question 9

What is ARDS?

Answer 9

fluid accumulation in the alveoli due to increased permeability of alveoli capillaries

Question 10

What causes hypercalcaemia in Sarcoidosis?

Answer 10

Granolumas causes increased conversion of Vitamin D to its active form (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol)

Question 11

What is Lofgren’s syndrome?

Answer 11

Subset of Sarcoidosis characterised by
* polyarthralgia
* fever
* b/l hilar lymphadenopathy
* erythema nodusum

Question 12

What is Heerfodt’s Syndrome?

Answer 12

Subtype of Sarcoidosis characterised by
* uveitis
* parotiditis
* fever

Question 13

What are the indications of starting steroids in Sarcoidosis?

Answer 13

P - Parenchymal Lung Disease
U- Uveitis
N- Neurological Involvement
C- Cardiac Involvement
H - Hypercalcaemia

Question 14

What is Bronchiectasis?

Answer 14

Permament dilatation of the airways 2ndry to chronic inflammation or infection

Question 15

What are the features of K.pneunmoniae pneumonia?

Answer 15

• common in alcoholics/diabetics
• redcurrant jelly sputum
• upper lobe pneumonia
• common in aspiration pneumonia

Found in the gut, gram negative rod

Question 16

What are the contraindications to lung cancer surgery?

Answer 16

• FEV1 <1.5
• SVC obstruction
• Metastatic disease
• Disease near the hilar
• malignant pleural effusion
• vocal cord paralysis

Question 17

What are the paraneoplastic features of small cell lung cancer?

Answer 17

• ACTH
• SIADH
• Lambert - Eaton syndrome

Question 18

What are the paraneoplastic features of squamous cell lung cancer?

Answer 18

• PTHrp
• clubbing
• TSH
• Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy

Question 19

What are the causes of upper zone fibrosis?

Answer 19

C - Coal workers lung
H - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Histiocytosis
A- Ankylosing spondylosis
R - Radiation
T - Tuberculosis
S - Sarcoidosis / Silicosis

Question 20

What are the causes of lower zone fibrosis?

Answer 20

M - Most connective tissue disease
A - Asbestos
I - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
D - Drugs (Amiodarone, Methotrexate

Question 21

What are the features of Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

Answer 21

• Peripheral eosinophillia
• Asthmatic symptoms
• Raised IgE
• Positive skin test to Aspergillus
• CXR changes

Question 22

Which antibody is associated with oesinophillic granulomatosis with polyangitis?

Answer 22

anti-MPO

Question 23

What is the abx of choice for suspected Legionella pneumonia?

Answer 23

Levofloxacin

Question 24

What is the treatment of Psticcasosi?

Answer 24

Doxycycline
Erythromycin

Question 25

What is the MoA of Monteleukast?

Answer 25

Leukotrine receptor antagonist

Question 26

What are the features of Kartegeners syndrome?

Answer 26

* Dextrocardia - quiet heart sounds, small volume complexes in lateral leads * infertility * recurrent chest infections * sbufertility

Question 27

Which primary malignancy are canon ball mets associated with?

Answer 27

Renal cell cancer

Question 28

What is your vital lung capacity?

Answer 28

TV + IRV + ERV Maximum volume of air that can be expired at the end of maximum inspiration

Question 29

What is inspiratory capacity?

Answer 29

Maximum amount of air that can be inspired at the end of each breath IRV + TV

Question 30

What is functional residual capacity?

Answer 30

The amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration ERV + RV 2.5 L

Question 31

What are the stages of Sarcoidosis on CXR?

Answer 31

Stage 1: BHL Stage 2: BHL + infiltrates Stage 3: Diffuse infiltrates Stage 4: Fibrosis

Question 32

What are the causes of low TLCO?

Answer 32

* Pulmonary fibrosis * Bronchiectasis * Pulmonary oedema * PE (V/Q mismatch) * Anaemia * Low cardiac output

Question 33

What are the causes of raised TLCO?

Answer 33

* Asthma * Pulmonary haemorrhage * Left-to-right shunts * Hyperkinetic states * Male * Exercise

Question 34

What is the diagnosis: Raised eosinophils, +ve IgE and IgG precipitins

Answer 34

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Question 35

Diagnosis: dyspnoea, RA and obstructive pattern on spirometry?

Answer 35

Bronchiolitis obliterans