Respiratory Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are the main topics covered in Module 1 of the NRSE 4610 Final Exam?
Dysrhythmias, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Cardiac Problems, Vascular Problems
Approximately 15-20 items will focus on these topics.
What are the key areas of focus in Module 2 of the NRSE 4610 Final Exam?
Emergency, Disaster, Trauma, Shock, Burns
Approximately 15-20 items will focus on these topics.
What topics are included in Module 4 of the NRSE 4610 Final Exam?
Kidney disease, Spinal cord injuries, Biliary and pancreas problems
Approximately 15-20 items will focus on these topics.
What are the main subjects covered in Module 5 of the NRSE 4610 Final Exam?
Noninfectious and infectious respiratory problems
Approximately 40-50 items will focus on these subjects.
What is epistaxis?
Nosebleed
Causes include trauma, inflammation, hypertension, and other factors.
What are common causes of anterior epistaxis?
Trauma to the nose, inflammation, hypertension, blood dyscrasias, decreased humidity, blowing or picking nose, cocaine use
Older adults tend to bleed from the posterior portion of the nose.
What is a key assessment finding for posterior epistaxis?
Bleeding is not visible, making it harder to assess the amount of blood loss
Can lead to airway obstruction.
What is the initial intervention for treating epistaxis?
Head forward, apply pressure, and use ice on the nose
This prevents aspiration and helps control bleeding.
What intervention is used for posterior epistaxis?
Nasal tampon
It applies pressure and absorbs blood, preventing it from going into the throat.
What should patients avoid after an episode of epistaxis?
Blowing nose, sneezing, bending down, lifting objects, exercise
Saline nasal spray can help prevent recurrence.
What are the two types of nasal fractures?
Displaced and nondisplaced
Displaced fractures are misaligned, while nondisplaced fractures remain in alignment.
What is a key assessment for nasal fractures?
ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and patency of the airway
Assess for bruising and crepitus.
What is the treatment for a displaced nasal fracture?
Closed reduction within 24 hours
May involve manually manipulating the nasal bones back into alignment.
What is a risk associated with mandibular fractures?
Jaw stabilization and possible ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation)
Patients may have jaw wired shut for 6-10 weeks.
What are the signs of laryngeal trauma?
Aphonia, hoarseness, subcutaneous emphysema, tracheal deviation, stridor
These symptoms warrant immediate medical attention.
What is the primary risk factor for head and neck cancer?
Smoking and alcohol use
Poor oral hygiene and exposure to irritants are also contributing factors.
What are the common presenting symptoms of head and neck cancer?
Cough, difficulty swallowing, lumps in neck, voice changes, sores not healing
Change in fit of dentures and ear pain may also occur.
What is pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Increased pressure inside the lungs due to constricted blood vessels
Can lead to right-sided heart failure.
What is the primary treatment for idiopathic pulmonary hypertension?
Symptom management, lung transplant, or heart transplant
No cure exists; treatment focuses on slowing progression.
What are common symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Dyspnea, fatigue, symptoms of right-sided heart failure
Can include fluid overload, JVD, and edema.
What is the diagnostic procedure for right-sided heart failure?
Heart catheterization
Different from left-sided heart catheterization.
What medications are used for pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Endothelin-Receptor antagonists, prostacyclin agents, guanylate cyclase stimulators
Each has specific risks and side effects.
What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
A restrictive lung disease characterized by scarring and thickening of alveoli
Diagnosis is often made via CT scan showing a honeycomb pattern.
What is the primary concern following lung cancer surgery?
Nutrition and oral care
Patients may have difficulty eating and managing saliva post-surgery.
