Flashcards in respiratory Deck (28)
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1
causes of increased airway resistance
-contraction of bronchial smooth muscle- asthma
-thick bronchial secretions- chronic bronchitis
-obstruction of airway-tumor, foreign object
-loss of lung elasticity-emphysema
2
ventilation
movement of air in and out of the airways
3
perfusion
the actual blood flow through the vasculature
4
pulmonary diffusion
the process of oxygen and co2 are exchanged
5
what is lung compliance
the elasticity and expandability of the lungs and thoracic structures
6
what is shunting
shunting is when blood is being drained into the left side of the heart with out aveolar gas exchange
7
dyspnea
SOB difficulty breathing
8
what indicated a sudden onset of dyspnea
pneumothroax, acute respiratory obstruction, allergic reaction, MI,
in immobilized PTs may indicate PE
9
what may indiacted ARDS
dyspnea, tachypnea, with hypoxemoia in patients with lung trauma, shock, cardiopulmonary bypass, or mutiple blood transfusions
10
a cough w/ sputum in the AM may indicate what?
bronchitis
11
a cough @ night may indicate what?
onset of left sided heart failure or bronchial asthma
12
a change in sputum color may be a sign of
infection
13
pink tinged may indiacate
lung tumor
14
profuse frothy pink material may indiacte
pulmonary edema
15
risk factors of respiratory disease
smoking, second hand smoke
vit D deficiency
gentic makeup
fam history of lung disease
expose to allergens, or occupational hazards
16
difference betwn pulmonary central cyanosis and periperheal cyanosis
pulmonary is observed by color or tongue and mouth
peripheral is observed by fingers toes earlobes
17
what is health lung tissue called
resonance
18
abnormal breath sounds( adventitous)
crackles( course, fine)
wheezing
friction rub
19
risk factors of hypoventilation
neurologic disorders such as spinal cord trauma CV accident, tumors, pollio, drug overdose
depressed respiratory centers from sedation, opioids, anestheia
limited thoracic movement, plueral effusion, pneumothroax, pulm edema, COPD
20
what is hypoexemia
decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood, manifested by changes in mental status, dyspnea, increse BP, change in HR, dysrhythmias, sweating, cool extermities,
21
hypoxia
decreased oxygen supply to tissues
22
indicators of inadequate oxygen
confusion, restlessness, tachycarida, tachypnea, diaphoresis, lesthargy, HTN, pallor
23
what is oxygen toxicty
when too high a concentration of oxygen given for extended period of time( > 48hrs)
24
S&S of toxicity
substernal discomfort,paresthesia, dyspnea, fatigue, restlessness, malasia, resp difficulty.
25
ways to reduce atecelactasis infection
humidifiers postural drainage, chest percussion, and bronchodilators
26
risk factors to surgery related atecelactasis preop
age, obesity, poor nutrition, smoking hx, preexisting lung disease, abnorm pulmoary fxn test, ER situation
27
risk factors to surgery related atecelactasis intraop
throacic incision, prolonged anesthesia
28
