Respiratory Flashcards
(14 cards)
Physiological manipulation of bronchial diameter?
ANS-sym dilation- para constriction
Non adrenergic non cholinergicneres
Response to irritant receptors
Pharmacological manipulation of bronchial diameter
Autonomic agonists and antagonists
Drugs acting directly on smooth muscle
Adreno receptor agonists
Adrenaline, noradrenaline, ephedrine
Work fast system wide effects, all receptors, many side effects
Emergencies only
Selective adreno receptor agonists
b2 agonists
Terbutaline selective at low doses, high doses may stimulate tachycardia
Albuterol- topical, only one licensed
Clenbuteraol - oral, mainly horses
Adrenoreceptor antagonists
Beta blockers
Parasympathetic antagonists- anti cholinergics
Ipatropium
Topical
Increase bronchial diameter
Methylxanthines
Act directly on smooth muscle
Increase cAMP, relaxation, bronchodilator
Interferes with MLCK – PDE inhibitors
Theophylline
Oral admin
What is an anti tussive?
Stops coughing reflex- vital defence mechanism so only when it is exhausting or damaging
Direct ant tussives?
Opioids - stops perceiving stimulus
Side effects? Can suppress other CNS functions
Eg butorphanol
Partial opioids agonist
Surfactants
Lower surface tension within the alveoli
Topical
Given to neonates in resp distress
Mucolytics
Makes mucous more runny
Bromohexine
Breaks down mucopolysaccahrides
Increases pulmonary alveolar permeability
Expectorants
Makes you cough things up
May or may not work
Irritate gastric mucosa
Eg potassium iodide
Decongestants
Reduce thickness of nasal mucosa
Sympathomimetics
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in nasal mucosa
Topical nasal sprays
Doxapram
Respiratory stimulants
Increases chemoreceptors sensitivity
Increase RR and TV
may induce seizures
