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Year 2 Anatomy > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Haemoptosis

A

Coughing up Blood

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2
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae are typical?

A

T2-T8

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3
Q

Which ribs are typical

A

3-9

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4
Q

Intervertebral Joint

A

Secondary cartilaginous, articulations are the superior and inferior facets of the vertebrae

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5
Q

Costovertebral​ Joint

A

synovial plane, head of ribs and bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

Costotransvere Joint

A

synovial plane, facet of rib tubercles and transverse vertebral processses

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7
Q

Sternocostal Joint

A

synovial plane (synchondrosis for 1st), rib and sternal body

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8
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

synovial plane, medial clavicle and manubrium

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9
Q

Costochondral Joint

A

primary cartilaginous, ribs and costal cartilage

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10
Q

Interchondral Joint

A

synovial, (6th-10th rib cartilages)

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11
Q

Manubriosternal Joint

A

secondary cartilaginous, manubrium and sternal body

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12
Q

Xiphisternal Joint

A

primary cartilaginous, sternal body and xiphoid process

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13
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery supply

A

anterior chest wall and breasts

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14
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from

A

the subclavian artery

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15
Q

Where are intercostal nerves made from

A

The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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16
Q

What is shingles caused by

A

human herpesvirus-3 (hhv-3)

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17
Q

What passes through diaphragm at T8

A

Caval opening- IVC, right phrenic nerve

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18
Q

What passes through diaphragm at T10

A

Oesophageal hiatus- oesophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks. Passes through left of central tendon

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19
Q

What passes through diaphragm at T12

A

Aortic hiatus- aorta, azygous vein, thoracic duct, L + R splanchnic nerves. Passes behind diaphragm

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20
Q

Proportions of diaphragmatic Hernia’s

A

85% posterolateral, 5% anterior (Morgani’s)

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21
Q

Acquired hernias

A

adjacent to oesophageal opening, associated with symptoms of acid reflux

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22
Q

Parietal Pleura innervation

A

somatic, by intercostal and phrenic nerves

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23
Q

Visceral Pleura innervation

A

autonomic innervation

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24
Q

Mesothelioma

A

SOB from reduction of space for lung to expand, compression by tumour and fluid. Asbestos major RF

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25
Tension Pneumothorax
Injury to chest wall, acts like a valve. Air drawn in on inspiration and can't escape. Mediastinal shift away from injury, IVC can become compressed.
26
Tension Pneumothorax decompression
large needle into midclavicular 2nd intercostal space, later chest drain to midaxillary 5th intercostal space. Insertions along superior borders of ribs
27
Bones of nasal cavity
ethmoid, vomer, lacrimal, palatine, maxillary
28
Nasal Septum
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer and septal cartilage
29
Paranasal sinuses
frontal, sphenoid, maxillary and ethmoid
30
maxillary sinus innervation
anterior, middle and alveolar nerve- branches of maxillary of trigeminal
31
Nasal cavity obstruction
polyp, inflammation, deviated septum, foreign body
32
pharynx obstruction
foreign body, tonsilar (eg adenoid), obstructive sleep apnoea
33
larynx obstruction
foreign body, epiglottis, vocal chords (eg recurrent laryngeal nerve trauma)
34
stertor
snoring/gasping, usually pharyngeal blockage
35
stridor
scraping sound, normally children, usually laryngeal blockage
36
Nasopharynx
nasal cavity to soft palate (base to c1). Contains pharyngeal tonsil
37
Oropharynx
soft palate to superior epiglottis border (c1-c3). Contains posterior tongue, palatine and lingual tonsils, super constrictor muscles
38
Laryngopharynx
superior epiglottis border to inferior cricoid cartilage. Contains middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors and vocal cords
39
Waldeye's ring
ring of lymph tissue around the pharynx formed by tonsils
40
Vascular supply to the pharynx
network of arteries- branches of facial, maxillary, laryngeal and lingual arteries. Drains into the IJV
41
Lymph drainage of the pharynx
retropharyngeal and then deep cervical nodes
42
Nervous supply of the pharynx
Mainly from pharyngeal plexus- sensory = glossopharyngeal, motor = vagal
43
Extrinsic muscles of larynx
move the larynx as a whole
44
Subhyoid group
extrinsic muscles, raise the whole larynx
45
Infrahyoid group
extrinsic muscle, depresses the whole larynx (includes thyrohyoid)
46
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx
move parts of the larynx
47
Cricothyroid muscles
Intrinsic muscles. Lengthen and tense the vocal cords. External branch of superior laryngeal nerve.
48
Posterior cricoarytenoids
the ONLY ABDUCTORS of the vocal cords. Vagus/RLN
49
Lateral cricoarytenoids
adduct and internally rotate. Vagus/RLN
50
Thyroarytenoids
sphincter of vestibule, narrow the inlet and shorten the voca lcords- lower the voice
51
Oblique arytenoids
narrow the inlet, adducting vocal cords. Vagus/RLN
52
Transverse arytenoids
adduct the arytenoid cartilages, adducting the vocal cords. Vagus/RLN
53
What is the innervation of the mucosa above the vocal cords
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
54
Surgical airway
through cricothyroid membrane to avoid vocal cords
55
Where does the thyroid lie
anterior to trachea at 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilage
56
What does the carotid sheath contain
common carotid arteries, IJV and vagus nerves
57
Where does the trachea bifurcate
Carina- sternal angle, T4/T5
58
What is "lingular bronchus"
middle secondary on LHS
59
How many bronchopulmonary segments are on each side
10, each supplied by a tertiary bronchus and a branch of pulmonary artery and lymphatics and autonomic nerves
60
Venous drainage of the bronchi?
pulmonary veins run between segments
61
Which bronchus is more likely to be obstructed by a foreign body?
Right- is straighter and shorter
62
Polyphonic wheeze
multiple tubes- asthma/COPD
63
Hilum organisation
bronchi lie posteriorly, arteries lie superiorly
64
Black lymph nodes in lungs
anthracosis
65
Lung blood supply
bronchial arteries, branches of descending aorta. Drain to the azygos and hemiazygous veins
66
Lung lymph drainage
drains to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes at the hilum --> tracheobronchial nodes in mediastinum --> nodes in trachea
67
Lung + visceral pleura innervation
Autinomically by sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves via the pulmonary plexus.
68
What effect does PSNS stimulation have on the bronchioles?
Constricts
69
What effect does SNS stimulation have on the bronchioles?
Dilation
70
Pleural effusion exam
central trachea, stony dull percussion, reduced breath, increased vocal resonance
71
Lobar Pneumonia exam
central trachea, dull percussion, bronchial breathing, increased vocal resonance
72
Lung Collapse exam
deviated trachea towards site, dull percussion, reduce breath, reduced vocal resonance
73
Pneumothorax exam
central trachea, hyper-resonant percussion, reduced breath sounds, reduced vocal resonance
74
Tension pneumothorax exam
deviated trachea away from site, hyper-resonant percussion, reduced breath sounds, reduced vocal resonance

Year 2 Anatomy (5 decks)

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