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Physiology PLE by DES > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Type 1 pneumocyte is for

A

Gas exchange

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2
Q

Type 2 pneumocyte is for

A

Surfactant production

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3
Q

Produces protective GAGs and metabolize air-borne toxins

A

CLARA cells or

Club cells

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4
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

Dust cells

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5
Q

VT(tidal vol) X breaths/min

A

Minute ventilation

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6
Q

(Tidal volume-physiologic dead space) x breaths/min

A

Alveolar ventilation

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7
Q

Physiologic dead space

Formula?

A

Bohr formula

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8
Q

Utilized during exercise

A

IRV

Insipiratory reserve volume

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9
Q

Amout if air inhaled or exhaled at relaxed state

A

Tidal volume
500 ml
150 ml - dead space
350 ml - respiratory unit of lung

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10
Q

Maintain oxygenation in between breaths

A

Residual volume

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11
Q

Marker for lung function

A

Functional residual capacity

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12
Q

Remaining air in the lungs after maximal exhalation

A

Residual volume

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13
Q

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled

A

VC vital capacity or FVC forced vital capacity

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14
Q

Primary drive to breath in COPD patients

A

Hypoxic drive

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15
Q

Nerve in breathing

A

Phrenic nerve

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16
Q

Muscles used in forced inspiration

A

External intercostals, accessory muscles
Ribs move upward and outward
Abdominal contents move upward

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17
Q

V/Q ratio in pneumothorax

A

Decreased

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18
Q

Trachea shifts toward the affected lung

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax

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19
Q

Trachea shifts away from the affected lung

A

Tension pneumothorax

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20
Q

In emphysema lung compliance is?

A

Increased

Barrel chested

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21
Q

In fibrosis lung compliance is

A

Decreased

Lung compliance is inversely related to the elastic recoil properties of the lung

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22
Q

Force caused by water molecules at the air-liquid interface that tends to minimize surface area

A

Surface tension

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23
Q

Cell that produces surfactant

A

Type 2 pneumocytes

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24
Q

MAIN component of surfactant

A

Water

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25
Active component of surfactant
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
26
Mechanism for DPPC reducing surface tension
Ampiphatic nature (hydrophobic and hydrophilic)
27
Effect of surfactant on lung compliance
Increase
28
Start of surfactant production
24th week AOG
29
Maturation of surfactant
35th week AOG
30
Test for surfactant
Amniotic L:S Ratio
31
Treatment for newborn RDS
Steriods Surfactant Betamethasone/dexamethasone - long acting steroid
32
Lung surfactant is ____ in chronic smokers | Inc or dec
Decreased
33
For what is Poiseuille law
Airway resistance
34
Major site of airway resistance
Medium-sized bronchi
35
At FRC, alveolar pressure =
0
36
Law implying that an increase in lung volume will decrease pressure
Boyle's law
37
Law for mixed gases
Dalton's law of partial pressure
38
Law of gases dissolved in solution
Henry's law for concentration of dissolved gases
39
Law for transfer of gases through simple diffusion in cell membranes or capillary walls
Fick's law of diffusion
40
Gas exchange from alveoli into the blood uses ___ diffusion
Passive diffusion
41
Hemoglobin binds with oxygen
Oxyhemoglobin
42
Hgb binds with carbon monoxide
Carboxyhgb
43
Hgb binds with Co2
Carbaminohgb
44
This poisoning has the greatest reduction in 02 delivery to the tissues
Carbon monoxide poisoning
45
Where does 2,3 BPG binds more
To HbA
46
O2 Hgb dissociation curve is what shape
Sigmoidal in shape
47
This shift is d/t carbon dioxide, acidosis, 2,3 BPG, exercise and temperature
Shift to the right
48
This shift is d/t carbon monoxide, HbF
Shift to the left
49
Cause of hypoxia where in there is decreased O2 content of blood
Carbon monoxide poisoning
50
Cause of hypoxia where in there is decreased utilization of O2 by the tissues
Cyanide poisoning
51
In an upright position which area of the lung will have higher compliance
Base of the lungs
52
Can override the autonomic brainstem centers | Involved in voluntary hyperventilation and hypoventilation
Cerebral cortex
53
Creates the basic respiratory rhythm
Medulla
54
Modifies the basic RR
Pons
55
It contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
Pons
56
Control center responsible for main respiratory center
Dorsal root ganglion
57
This is responsible for forced inspiration and expiration (overdrive mechanism)
Ventral root ganglion
58
Located at upper pons where it shortens time for inspiration = inc RR
Pneumotaxic center
59
Located at lower pons where in prolongs time for inspiration = dec RR
Apneustic center
60
Mechanoreceptor stimulated by lung distension
Lung stretch receptors
61
Mechanoreceptor that is stimulated by limb movement
Joint & muscle receptors
62
Stimulated by noxious chemicals | Causes bronchoconstriction and increases respiratory rate
Irritant receptors
63
This mechanoreceptor is found in juxtacapillary areas that is stimulated by pulmonary capillary engorgement Causes rapid shallow breathing and for feeling of dyspnea
J receptors Jyspnea
64
Located at the ventral medulla that causes inc RR
Central chemoreceptors
65
Where is peripheral chemoreceptors located
Carotid and aortic bodies Hypoxemia produces hyperventilation

Physiology PLE by DES (4 decks)

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