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Physiology PLE by DES > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Contains mucus neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells

A

Oxyntic glands (body)

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2
Q

Contains g cells, mucus cells

A

Pyloric glands (antrum)

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3
Q

Secretes mucus and HCo3

A

Mucus cells, mucus neck cells

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4
Q

Secretes HCl and IF

A

Parietal cells/ oxyntic cells

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5
Q

Secretes gastrin

A

G cells

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6
Q

Secretes serotonin

A

Enterochromaffin cells

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7
Q

Secretes histamine

A

Enterochromaffin-like cells / ECL cells

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8
Q

Secretes pepsinogen

A

Chief/ peptic cells

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9
Q

Site of secretion of intrinsic factor

A

Gastric fundus

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10
Q

Site of secretion of gastric

A

Gastric antrum

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11
Q

When parietal cells are stimulated they secrete

A

HCl and IF

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12
Q

Drugs that block HCl secretion
On m3
On H2
on HKATPase exhange pump

A

M3 - atropine
H2 - cimetidine
HKATPase exchange pump - omeprazole

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13
Q

Inhibits both gastrin and acetylcholine mediated secretion of acid

A

H2 blockers

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14
Q

Secretion of what substance is inhibited by low pH?

A

Gastrin

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15
Q

H2 blocker that causes gynecomastia

A

Cimetidine

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16
Q

Steatorrhea in pts with pancreatitis is 2dry to decrease in luminal levels of

A

Pancreatic lipase

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17
Q

2nd messenger of secretin

A
  • cAMP
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18
Q

2nd messenger of CCK

A

IP3-DAG

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19
Q

Most common component of bile

A

Water

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20
Q

Active component of bile

A

Bile salts

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21
Q

Causes GB contraction

A

CCK and Ach

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22
Q

Causes Sphincter of Oddi relaxation

A

CCK

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23
Q

Removal of terminal ileum results in

A

Steatorrhea

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24
Q

Site of Na-bile acid cotransport

A

Ileum

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25
Secondary active transport of glucose and galactose
SGLT-1
26
Facilitated diffusion of fructose
GLUT-5
27
Facilitated diffusion of all types of monosaccharides
GLUT-2
28
Required for protein assimilation that is a brushborder enzyme
Enterokinase | Also called enteropeptidase
29
Degrade chon from interior peptide bonds
Endopeptidases
30
Degrade chon from the edge of the protein (c terminus)
Exopepeptidases
31
Lipids enter intestinal cell via
Micelles
32
Lipids leave intestinal cells via
Chylomicrons
33
Vit b12 is absorbed in
Ileum using IF
34
Vit b12 and pernicious anemia is caused by
Lack of IF
35
Micelle formation is necessary for the intestinal absorption of
Vitamin b12
36
Superfamily of enzymes that inactivates/activates xenobiotics
Cytochrome P450
37
Cell that is found in the space of Disse for vitamin A storage
Ito cells
38
Act as antigen presenting cells found in the lover sinusoids
Kupffer cells
39
Layer of the GIT | That is for secretion and absorption
Mucosa
40
Layer of the GIT | Smooth muscle controlling epithelium
Muscularis mucosa
41
Layer of the GIT | CT and BV
Lamina propia
42
Layer of the GIT | Collagen, elastin, glands, blood vessels
Submucosa
43
Layer of the GIT | Decreases diameter of lumen
Inner circular
44
Layer of the GIT | Shortens segment f GIT
Outer longitudinal
45
Layer of the GIT | Aka adventitia/ mesothelium
Serosa
46
Between submucosa and inner circular muscle layer
Meissner plexus/ submucosal plexus
47
Between inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layer that action: contraction of inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle for motility
Auerbach plexus/ myenteric plexus
48
Layer that is not seen in esophagus
Serosa
49
Strongest layer of esophagus
Submucosa
50
Inhibits gastric emptying
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
51
Secreted in response to an oral glucose load
CCK/ cholecystokinin
52
Secreted by pancreas in response to CHO, CHON, lipids
Pancreatic polypeptide Inhibits pancreatic HCo3 and enzymes
53
Secreted by intestinal cells in response to hypoglycemia | Stimulates glycogenolyis ang gluconeogenesis
Enteroglucan
54
Secreted by L-cells | Stimulates insulin secretion
GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide 1
55
Inhibits gastric H secretion | Inhibits all GI hormones
Somatostatin
56
Relaxes | Lower esophageal sphincter, orad stomach, pyloric sphincter, ileocecal valve
VIP
57
Found at the ventromedial hypothalamus | Inhibits appetite
Satiety center
58
Found at the hypothalamic area; stimulates appetite
Appetite/ hunger center
59
Sends signals to satiety and hunger centers
Arcuate nucleus
60
Inhibits ghrelin
Leptin Insulin GLP 1
61
Due to oscillating resting membrane potentials in SI smooth muscle cells
Slow waves
62
Swallowing center
Medulla | CN IX and X
63
What phase? | Soft palate pulled upward (closes nasopharynx) glottis covered (prevents aspiration) UES relaxes
Pharyngeal phase
64
What phase? | UES closes, primary and secondary esophageal peristalsis occur
Esophageal phase
65
A condition in which esophageal myenteric plexus is deficient, NO and VIP is deficient
Achalasia
66
Capacity of stomach
1.5 L
67
Back-and-forth movement with no net forward motion; mixes chyme with pancreatic enzymes
Segmentation contraction
68
Propels chyme towards large intestines
Peristaltic contraction
69
Prevents reflux into the ileum
Ileocecal valve
70
For absorption of water
Proximal colon
71
Storage of feces
Distal colon
72
Gas from colon is derived from fermentation of
Oligosaccharides
73
Vomiting center
Medulla
74
Most basic GI juice
Brunner's gland secretion 8-8.9 | Pancreatic secretion 8-8.3

Physiology PLE by DES (4 decks)

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