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A&P Q2 T3 > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

URIs include: (2)

A

“colds” and croup

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2
Q

Lower airway Dz include (3)

A

asthma, pneumonia, and COPD

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3
Q

clinically the division between upper and lower airways is the region of the:

A

larynx at the vocal cords

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4
Q

the last portion of the conduction airways is the:

A

terminal bronchiole

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5
Q

the sequence of the respiratory airways (in order):

A

respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
individual alveoli

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6
Q

tip of the nose is made of

A

hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

the bone that forms the bridge of the nose is the:

A

nasal facial bone

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8
Q

the nasal septum is made of what fused bones?

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer

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9
Q

the hard palate is made of what two fused bones?

A

maxillary and palatine bones

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10
Q

the region that separated the nasal cavity from the nasopharynx is the:

A

internal nares

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11
Q

the three pairs of bones that project inward into the nasal cavity (and clinically termed the turbinates) are the:

A

superior, middle and inferior conchae

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12
Q

what is the space called that lies below each of the conchae?

A

meatus

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13
Q

the type of epithelium found in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx is:

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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14
Q

the midline structure that is part of the soft palate is the:

A

uvula

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15
Q

the tonsillar tissue that is found in the oropharynx is/are the:

A

palantine tonsils

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16
Q

tonsillar tissue that is found at the base of the tongue is the:

A

lingual tosil

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17
Q

the most anterior arch of the oropharynx that contains the uvula is the….

A

glossopharyngeal arch

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18
Q

the space in between these two arches (that separates the oral cavity from the oropharynx) is termed the

A

fauces

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19
Q

the type of epithelium found in the oropharynx and extends to the vocal cords

A

stratified squamous

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20
Q

the bone that is the most superior structure in the laryngeal apparatus is the:

A

hyoid

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21
Q

the single cartilage that is the most superior of the group of laryngeal cartilages is the….

A

thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

the laryngeal cartilages are composed of …

A

hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

the cartilage that is located immediately below the thyroid cartilage is the

A

cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

the two cartilages that are attached to the vocal cords are the….

A

arytenoid cartilages

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25
the tiny cartilages that are fused on top of the arytenoid cartilages
corniculate cartilages
26
the two cartilages that are enveloped in the vestibular vocal cords are the...
cuneiform cartilage
27
the tubular structure for air flow immediately below the cricoid cartilage is the
trachea
28
the esophagus is posterior to the....
trachea
29
the structure of that prevents aspiration of food and liquid into the trachea is the:
epiglottis
30
what s the epiglottis composed of
elastic cartilage
31
the technical name for the "true" vocal cords
vocal ligaments
32
the support tissue or "false" vocal cords are called:
vestibular folds or ligaments
33
the opening in between the vocal cords is termed the
glottis
34
what does the palate do during swallowing?
it elevates
35
what is the shape of the tracheal cartilage and what is it made out of?
C shaped, hyaline cartilage
36
the sooth muscle at the posterior aspect of the trachea is the
trachealis
37
the type of epithelium found in the trachea and large airways is
pseudostratifies cilliated columnar
38
the most inferior portion of the trachea that cntains abundant receptors that triggers cough is termed the...
carina
39
the four layers of the trachea are the:
mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia
40
the type of cell that is interspersed amoung the epithelium of the trachea and produces mucus:
goblet cell
41
what is the most angulated bronchi?
the left
42
which bronchi is shorter , wider and has a straighter course?
right main stem bronchi
43
which main stem bronchi is more likely to be involved with aspiration?
right
44
the region of the lungs where the primary bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter the lung
hilum
45
how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung? | Left?
right: 3 left: 2
46
what fissure is present in both lungs?
oblique
47
what fissure is only present in the right lung?
horizontal
48
how many lobes does each lung have?
right: 3 left: 2
49
the lobes of the lungs correlate with which generation of airways?
secondary bronichi
50
the bronchopulmonary segments correlate with which generations of airways?
tertiary
51
how many generations of airways are there?
approximately 23
52
what epithelium is found in primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
53
what epithelium is found in larger bronchioles
ciliated simple columnar
54
what epithelium is found in smaller bronchioles
ciliated simple cuboidal
55
what epithelium is found in terminal bronchioles
nonciliated simple cuboidal
56
the amount of cartilage in the airways (increase/decrease) as you move from larger to smaller airways
decreases
57
the amount of smooth muscle wrapped around the airways (increases/decreases) as you move from larger to smaller airways
increases
58
the type of adrenergic receptor found on the smooth muscles in the airway are :
beta-2
59
the effect of the binding of norepinephrine binding to beta-2 receptors on smooth muscle is:
relaxzation and bronchodilation
60
an airway is termed what when it's diameter is less than 1mm
bronchiole
61
the last part of the conduction airways is at the level of the
terminal bronchiole
62
alveolus is the site for:
gas exchange (diffusion)
63
the alveolus is lined by what type of cell
simple squamous
64
what do type 2 pneumocytes produce
surfactant
65
what is the function of surfactant
decrease the surface tension of water and prevent the collapse of the alveoli
66
the alveolar capillary MB is made of
simple squamous cells of the alveoli, basement MB and simple squamous cells of the capiilaries
67
the two lungs are/are not physically connected
NOT!
68
the serous MB adherent to the the lungs is termed the
visceral pleura
69
the serous MB that lines the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
70
the space between the parietal and visceral serous MBs contain fluid and is termed:
pleural space
71
at any point in the time during ventilation, the itrapleural pressure is
4 mmhg lower than the intraalvelolar pressure
72
the apex of the lungs rise slightly above the (bony landmark)
clavical
73
the base of the lungs are immediately above the
diaphragm
74
the two sources of blood to the lungs are the:
pulmonary circulation and the 4 bronchial arteries
75
the intercostal arteries lie in which position relative to the ribs
below the ribs
76
the lymphatic drainage from the right side of the thoracic cavity empties into the:
right lymphatic duct and then into the right subclavian vein
77
the lymphatic drainage from the left side of the thoracic cavity empties into:
the thoracic duct and then into the left subclavian

A&P Q2 T3 (4 decks)

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