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1/2 PE > Respiratory And Cardiovascular Systems > Flashcards

Respiratory And Cardiovascular Systems Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • transportation of gases and fuels
  • immunity
  • cellular repair and regrowth
  • thermoregulation
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2
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

The bottom chambers of the heart

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3
Q

What ventricle is responsible for pumping blood around of the body?

A

Left

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4
Q

What are the atriums?

A

Act like filling vessels at the top of the heart

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5
Q

What divides the heart down the middle?

A

Septum

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6
Q

What do valves prevent?

A

Prevent backflow to ensure blood flows in the correct direction

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7
Q

What valve is located on the left side?

A

Bicuspid

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8
Q

What valve is located on the right side?

A

Tricuspid

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9
Q

How many seconds does it take to compete a heartbeat?

A

Under one second

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10
Q

What are the four stages of a heart beat?

A
  • artial diastole
  • ventricular diastole
  • artial systole
  • ventricular systole
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11
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The measure of how much blood is squeezed out of the heart into the aorta each time it beats

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12
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70-90ml

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13
Q

What happens to your stroke volume as you exercise?

A

Increases

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14
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per min

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15
Q

What symbol is used for cardiac output?

A

Q

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16
Q

How do you calculate the cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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17
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A
  • transportation of gases, fuels and minerals
  • protection against dehydration
  • maintain equilibrium
  • waste products
  • thermoregulation
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18
Q

What part of the blood is responsible for preventing dehydration?

A

Plasma

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19
Q

What percentage of the blood is blood cells?

A

45%

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20
Q

What percentage of the blood is plasma cells?

A

55%

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21
Q

What percentage of the blood cells are red blood cells?

A

99%

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22
Q

What percentage of the blood cells are white blood cells and platelets?

A

1%

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23
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

90%

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24
Q

What percentage of plasma is protein?

A

7%

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25
Where are red blood cells produced?
Bone marrow
26
What carries oxygen around the body?
Haemoglobin
27
Why do women have lower haemoglobin levels?
Periods
28
What is the function of white blood cells?
Fight infection
29
Where are white blood cells produced?
Bone marrow, lymph tissues and spleen
30
What are white blood cells also known as?
Leucoytes
31
What is the function of blood platelets?
Cells that form blood clots to prevent bleeding
32
Where are platelets produced?
Bone marrow
33
What is the function of plasma?
- carries nutrients - transports waste for removal - counters dehydration - assists platelets in clotting
34
What is the order of blood flow through the vascular network?
-arteries, arterioles, capillaries, Venules, veins
35
What are the roles of the arteries?
Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart
36
What is the role of the arterioles?
Are smaller with larger cross sectional area which allows greater exchange of gases and nutrients
37
What is the roles of capillaries?
Are connected to arterioles and venules. Capillaries are tiny structures where one red blood cell can pass through. These can open and close
38
What is vasodilation?
The widening of blood vessels
39
What is vasoconstriction?
Is the narrowing of blood vessels
40
What is the stroke volume of an untrained athlete at rest?
80
41
What is the stroke volume (ml) of an untrained athlete at max?
120
42
What is myoglobin?
Molecule located in the muscle taht extracts oxygen
43
What does the respiratory system comprise of?
Mouth, nose, airways, lungs
44
What is the function of the respiratory system?
- Responsible for the transportation of air into the lungs - facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream - removal of carbon dioxide
45
What occurs at the alveoli?
Diffusion occurs with the exchange of carbon dioxide from the blood and oxygen from the lungs through capillaries
46
What happens to the diaphragm and inter coastal muscles during inspiration?
Inter coastal muscles of the diaphragm contract
47
What happens to the ribs during inspiration?
They move upwards and outwards
48
What happens to the ribs during expiration?
Drop down
49
What happens to the diaphragm and inter coastal muscles during expiration?
Relax
50
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath
51
What is the average tidal volume of men?
600ml
52
What is the average tidal volume of women?
500ml
53
What is pulmonary ventilation?
The volume of air moved into and out of the respiratory tract each min
54
How do you work out the pulmonary ventilation (Ve)?
Respiratory rate x tidal volume
55
What is oxygen deficit?
The temporary shortage of oxygen in cells
56
What is a steady state?
The point during exercise where oxygen supply’s equals demand
57
What is VO2 max?
Max amount of oxygen that can be taken in, transported and utilised per min
58
What is EPOC?
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
59
What is systole?
The contraction of the heart muscle forcing blood out of the ventricles and into ventricles and into the arteries
60
What is diastole?
Is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat where the heart fills with the blood from the veins
61
What is heart rate?
The amount of times the heart beats per min
62
What does TV stand for?
Tidal volume
63
What does TLC stand for?
Total lung capacity
64
What does VC stand for?
Vital capacity
65
What is vital capacity?
The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation
66
What does RV stand for?
Residual volume
67
What is residual volume?
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

1/2 PE (6 decks)

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