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PCM III > Respiratory and HEENT > Flashcards

Respiratory and HEENT Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

hair pattern and texture

A

thyroid dysfunction

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2
Q

prominent features

A

congenital abnormalities

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3
Q

hirsutism

A

endocrine disorder

unwanted hair patterns in women

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4
Q

mild microcephaly

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

bullet shaped top of head

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5
Q

broad nasal bridge

A

fragile X syndrome

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6
Q

low nasal bridge and frontal prominence

A

hurler syndrome

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7
Q

downward slanting of palpebral fissures, low set ears, micrognathia

A

treacher collins syndrome

micrognathia - small mouth

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8
Q

elongated head
coarsened facial feature
bony overgrowth of forehead, nose, and lower jaw

A

acromegaly

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9
Q

moon face
red cheeks
hirsuitism

A

cushings disease

moon face - takes on swollen rounded look

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10
Q

puffy face

thin and coarse eyebrows and hair

A

hypothyroid

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11
Q

tragus

A

sticking out anterior ear

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12
Q

ear height

A

should touch or be above imaginary line between inner canthus of eye and most prominent protuberance of occiput

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13
Q

developmental defect in branchial arches - sinus tract in front of ear superiorly

A

preauricular pit

can get infected

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14
Q

overgrowth of collagen in scar tissue

A

keloid

beyond borders of original injury

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15
Q

repeated trauma to ear and gets deformed

A

cauliflower ear

hematoma separates cartilage from perichondrium

scar tissues fills gaps

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16
Q

light reflex

A

when looking into ear
-tells you about pressure in ear

5 oclock right ear
7 oclock left ear

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17
Q

impacted cerumen

A

patient cant hear
-feels full

irrigate with warm water

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18
Q

otitis externa

A

intense pain and loss of hearing in one ear

most often pseudomonas

pull ear lobe - pain - otitis externa

tx - ear drop antibiotics

can be dangerous, especially in diabetics
-infection of soft tissue of base of skull - malignant otitis externa

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19
Q

otitis media

A

common in kids

50% clear without antibiotics

marked inflammation of tympanic membrane itself

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20
Q

glue ear

A

repeated otitis media

fluid doesnt drain

hearing loss and lots of problems

needs tubes in ears

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21
Q

myringotomy tube

A

ear tubes

allows middle ear to drain

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22
Q

hemotympanum

A

blood in middle ear

with head trauma

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23
Q

tympanic membrane retraction

A

repeated otitis media

scars down and retracts

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24
Q

foreign body in ear

A

often bug

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25
rhinitis
inflammation of inner lining of nose allergic - antigen caused seasonal allergic - peak times of year
26
nasal polyp
from chronic rhinitis
27
epistaxis
nosebleed anterior and posterior anterior more - nose picking -kesselbechs plexus posterior - more of a problem - sphenopalantine artery - hospital/surgery
28
deviated septum
congenital or trauma causes
29
septal perforation
cocaine users
30
sinusitis
swelling in sinuses -keep cilia from moving mucus infection - viruses - cause swelling and narrowing -slow mucus flow - secondary bacterial infection
31
most sinusitis
frontal | maxillary
32
ddx of sinusitis
clinical diagnosis but can see air fluid level
33
most common skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma -often lower lip slow growing - rare mets sun exposed areas fair skinned individuals radiaiton exposure
34
scaly crusty patch on lip
squamous cell carcinoma more aggressive and early mets
35
stage 1 herpes
asymptomatic
36
stage 2 herpes
virus goes to latent stage and migrates to dorsal root ganglion
37
stage 3 herpes
stress - recurrent infection at original site
38
herpes
often HSV-1 hurts**
39
auto dominant, melanin deposition of mucous membranes
peutz jeghers syndrome increased risk of GI cancers**
40
oral cancer
very aggressive
41
tooth attrition
grinding of teeth | -wear away enamel
42
tooth erosion
of enamel individuals with bulimia
43
thrush
candida infants, immunosuppressed, chemo pts white cottage cheese looking lesion on tongue scrapes off
44
loss of papillae on tongue
geographic tongue vit B deficiency no treatment
45
fissured tongue
usually asymptomatic
46
hairy leukoplakia
not good with HIV infection pipe smoking of tobacco usually painless doesnt scrape off
47
oral carcinoma
often because improper exam
48
tonsillar carcinoma
squamous cell usually likely link to HPV infection
49
hard bony growth in center of roof of mouth
torus palatinus benign bony growth females over age 30 occasionally removed
50
tonsillitis
strep pyogenes - risk of rheumatic fever tx - antibiotics often gram positive bacteria
51
mono
often has tonsillitis assocation
52
cyanotic
hypoxemia
53
pink
emphysema
54
pallor
anemia
55
nail clubbing
chronically hypoxic overgrowth of bony areas
56
barrel chest
COPD
57
pigeon chest
pectus carinatum
58
funnel chest
pectus excavatum
59
tactile fremitus
helpful in diagnosing consolidation of lungs
60
spinous process of T3
posterior where upper lobe is different than lower lobe of lung
61
horizontal fissure
right upper lobe of lung and right middle lobe
62
right oblique fissure
right middle lobe of lung and right lower lobe
63
left oblique fissure
left upper lobe and left lower lobe of lung
64
decreased breath sounds**, bronchial sounds, rhonchi wheezing, dull percussion, increased bronchophony, and increased tactile fremitus
pneumonia
65
sound travel
moves better through fluid than air
66
decreased breath sounds, wheezing rhonchi, hyperresonnance**, bronchophony decreased, tactile fremitus decreased
COPD also increased top to bottom of lung
67
decreased breath sounds, rales** (crackles), unchanged or decreased percussion, bronchophony unchanged, tactile fremitus unchanged
CHF fluid in interstitium**
68
breath sound absent one side, marked hyperresonance**, decreased bronchophony and decreased tactile fremitus
pneumothorax
69
decreased auscultation, dullness on affected side, bronchophony unchanged, tactile fremitus decreased
pleural effusion

PCM III (17 decks)

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