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PCM III > Anemia and the CBC > Flashcards

Anemia and the CBC Flashcards

1
Q

anemia

A

is a symptom, not a disease

decrease in RBC mass or Hg - decreased O2 carrying capacity

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2
Q

anemia measure

A

<2.5 percentile value of reference range

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3
Q

anemia lab values

A

2 standard deviations away

95% of population within 2 SDs

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4
Q

erythrocytosis polycythemia

A

high RBC count

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5
Q

severe anemia

A

fainting
chest pain
angina
heart attack

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6
Q

conjunctiva

A

is pale in anemic patients

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7
Q

jaundice

A

seen in anemia

hemolytic process occuring

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8
Q

3 reasons to be anemic

A

blood loss
hemolysis
decreased RBC production

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9
Q

blood loss

A

acute

chronic - menstruation, GI bleed

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10
Q

hemolysis

A

genetic defects - inherited or acquired

Ab- mediated destruction

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

infection

toxic/chemical injury

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11
Q

deficient DNA synthesis

A

B12 and folate deficiency

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12
Q

deficient hemoglobin synthesis

A

iron deficient anemia

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13
Q

parvovirus B19

A

infection of RBC progenitors

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14
Q

MCV

A

mean cell volume

80-100

microcytic 100

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15
Q

microcytic anemia

A

iron deficient
thalassemias
sideroblastic

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16
Q

normocytic anemia

A

anemia of chronic disease
blood loss
BM suppression

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17
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

B12 folate deficiency

ethanol consumption

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18
Q

anemia of chronic disease

A

normocytic anemia

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19
Q

ethanol abuse

A

macrocytic anemia

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20
Q

MCHC

A

mean cell Hg concentration

chromaticity

33-37

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21
Q

range of MCHC

A

33-37

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22
Q

reticulocytes

A

immature RBCs

has rough ER - form net in cytoplasm

remnant RNA stains blue with methylene blue**

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23
Q

macrocytic

A

MCHC values are invariably low

relative Hg production not increased at greater rate than cell increase in size

24
Q

normal reticulocyte

A

larger than mature RBC

circulate 2-3 days

usually 2% of cell population

25
Q

rate of production and release of RBCs by marrow into peripheral blood

A

retic count

26
Q

pediatric retic count

A

3-7%

27
Q

adult retic count

A

0.5-1.5%

28
Q

reticulocytosis

A

increase in retic count

3-4 days after episode of acute hemorrhage

peak 6-10 days - 6-8%

29
Q

corrected retic count

A

to adjust for decreased existing number of red cells in peripheral blood

retic index = retic count x patient Hct / 45%

30
Q

common causes of reticulocytosis

A

acute blood loss
acute hemolysis
hemolytic anemia
response to therapy

31
Q

impaired globin synthesis

A

alpha and beta thalassemia

microcytic anemia

32
Q

decreased/abnormal synthesis protoporphyrin-heme

A

lead intox anemia

sideroblastic anemia

microcytic anemia

33
Q

abnormal Hg

A

hemoglobin C disease

microcytic anemia

34
Q

microcytic anemia with low ferritin

A

iron deficient

35
Q

Hg electrophoresis

A

assess for thalassemia

36
Q

acquired microcytosis with microcytic anemia

A

anemia of chronic disease

37
Q 
microcytic anemia
low ferritin
high TIBC
low serum iron
high sTfR
A

iron deficiency anemia

38
Q

serum ferritin

A

50-170

39
Q

TIBC

A

250-400

40
Q

soluble transferrin receptor

A

2-5

41
Q

ferritin

A

20-250

42
Q 
microcytic or normocytic anemia
high ferritin
low TIBC
low serum iron
sTfR normal
A

anemia of chronic disease

43
Q 
microcytic anemia
high ferritin
low TIBC
high serum iron
low sTfR
A

sideroblastic anemia

44
Q

first check with normocytic anemias

A

retic count

-if high - hemolysis or blood loss

45
Q

high retic count

A

hemolytic anemia

46
Q

positive coombs test

A

hemolytic anemia

IgG coating RBCs

47
Q

low haptoglobin

A

hemolytic anemia

binds free Hg - so less of it

48
Q

HgB A2 and F

A

hemolytic anemia - thalassemia

49
Q

Hgb S

A

hemolytic anemia - sickle cell

50
Q

elevated bilirubin

A

with hemolytic anemia

51
Q

high RDW

A

variation in size of RBC - anisocytosis

hemolytic anemias

52
Q

measure of variable size of RBCs

A

RDW

53
Q

direct coombs test

A

patient RBCs are washed and incubated with antihuman Abs (coombs reagant)

54
Q

ethanol abuse

A

folic acid deficiency

55
Q

macrocytic anemia with high retic count

A

bleeding

recent tx with B12 or folate

hemolytic anemia

56
Q

labs for macrocytic anemia

A

retics
peripheral smear
B12/folate level

PCM III (17 decks)

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