Respiratory and Integumentary system

Question 1

List the components of the conducting portion of the respiratory system

Answer 1

1. Nasal cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Terminal bronchioles

Question 2

List the components of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system

Answer 2

1. Respiratory bronchioles
2. Alveolar ducts
3. Alveolar sacs and alveoli

Question 3

Give the function of olfaction

Answer 3

Sense of smell- detection of odurs, chemical sensing and processing of perception

Question 4

Describe the structure of the olfactory epithelium

Answer 4

Consists of 4 cell types:
1. Olfactory receptor cells- bipolar neurons that detect odorants
2. Supportive - columnar epithelial cells for structural and metabolic support
3. Basal cells- stem cells that regenerate olfactory receptor cells

Question 5

Describe the histological changes in the respiratory tract

Answer 5

Epithelium- form ciliated psuedostratified columnar to cilliated simple cuboidal in the respiratory bronchioles
Goblet cells and Glands- Abundant in the nasal cavity, to none in the bronchioles
Smooth muscle- none in the nasal cavity to crisscrossing spiral bundles in the bronchi & bronchioles
Elastic fibres- none to abundant as you descend down the tract

Question 6

Give the 3 integument layers

Answer 6

1. Epidermis- stratified squamous keratinised eptihelium
2. Dermis- blood/ lymph vessels, appendages, nerves & sensory endings
3. Hypodermis- layer of subcutaneous tissue, adipose tissue present

Question 7

Give the 5 layers of the epidermis

Answer 7

1. Stratum Corneum- dead keratinized cells
2. Stratum Lucidum- thick skin only
3. Stratum Granulosum- cells that are about to die
4. Stratum Spinosum- maturing and slowly dying cells
5. Stratum Basale- stem cells capable of differentiation

Question 8

List the differences between thin and thick skin

Answer 8

Epidermis is much thinner in the thin layer
Thin skin has appendages with hair follicles, thick skin does not

Question 9

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Answer 9

Protection- shields from physical mage
Temperature regulation- via sweating and blood vessel adjustment
Sensory reception- detects touch, pressure pain and temp