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1st and 2nd year main conditions > Respiratory Conditions > Flashcards

Respiratory Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiology COPD

A

Smoking

alpha-1 trypsin deficiency

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2
Q

Pathology COPD

A

Chronic inflammatory condition causing progressive airflow obstruction

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3
Q

Symptoms COPD

A

SOB, Cough, sputum, wheeze
Little diurnal variation
Weight loss, peripheral oedema

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4
Q

Investigations COPD

A

CXR, FBC, BMI, ECG
Spirometry - FEV1 <80%, FEV1/FVC <0.7
CO transfer
ABG

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5
Q

Signs COPD

A

Cyanosis, CO2 flap, decreased breathing sounds

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6
Q

Treatment COPD

A

Avoid RFs
SABA, LABA
Inhaled glucocorticoids
Long term oxygen - if paO2 less than 7.3/oedema

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7
Q

Types of obstructive airway diseases

A

Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
COPD

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8
Q

What is cor pulmonale

A

Pulmonary HT causing hypertrophy of LV and RHF

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9
Q

Types of restrictive lung diseases

A

Sarcoidosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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10
Q

Pleural causes of restrictive lung disease

A 
Pleural effusions (fluid between visceral and parietal pleura)
Pneumothorax (accumulation of air in pleura)
Pleural thickening (scarring)
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11
Q

Presentation of restrictive lung diseases

A

Abnormal chest x-ray
SOB
Respiratory and heart failure
Normal FEV1/FVC ratio

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12
Q

RFs for asthma

A

Genetic
Occupation (paints, solder, animals, grains)
Smoking
Gender

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of asthma

A

Chronic reversible inflammation of airways caused by increased sensitivity leading to airway obstruction (variable)

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14
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

Wheeze, SOB, Chest tightness, dry cough (nocturnal)

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15
Q

Signs of asthma

A

Tachypnoea, tachycardia, cyanosis, wheeze

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16
Q

Investigations of asthma

A

FBC, U+E, spirometry, PEFR, trial of treatment

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17
Q

Treatment of asthma

A

SABA, LABA, ICS, steroid tablet

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18
Q

Treatment of acute asthma

A

Oxygen, steroids, nebulisers

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19
Q

Aetiology of Lung Cancer

A

Smoking, asbestos, radon, occupational exposure, pollution, pulmonary fibrosis

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20
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer

A

Haemoptysis, recurrent infection, cough, SOB, pain weight loss, lump, chest pain, hoarseness

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21
Q

Signs of lung cancer

A

Clubbing, lymphadenopathy, Stridor, collapsed lung, reduced expansion, reduced percussion, reduced breath sounds

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22
Q

Local effects of lung cancer

A 
Pleural effusion
Collapse 
Pneumonia
Infection
Abscess
Bronchiectasis
SVC syndrome
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23
Q

Investigations of lung cancer

A

CXR, bronchoscopy, biopsy, CT, PFTs, PET, sputum cytology,

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24
Q

DDx of lung cancer

A

Infection, lung abscess, benign tumour, granuloma, fibrosis

25
Q

Treatment lung cancer

A

Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy

26
Q

Subtypes of lung cancer

A

Small cell

Non small cell - squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell carinoma

27
Q

Pleural effusion aetiology

A

Transudate - HF, cirrhosis, PE, hypoalbuminaemia

Exudate - SLE, TB, carcinoma, RA

28
Q

Symptoms pleural effusion

A

SOB

Pleuritic chest pain

29
Q

Signs pleural effusion

A

Tracheal deviation, decreased expansion, stony dull percussion, diminished breath sounds

30
Q

Investigations pleural effusion

A

CXR, bronchoscopy, HRCT

Aspirate

31
Q

Treatment pleural effusion

A

Underlying cause
Pluerocentesis
Chest drain

32
Q

Pneumothorax causes

A

Spontaneous

Traumatic - stab wound, iatrogenic

33
Q

Symptoms pneumothorax

A

Asymptomatic
SOB
Pleuritic chest pain

34
Q

Tension pneumothorax treatment

A

Thoracostomy

35
Q

Treatment pneumothorax

A

Aspiration or chest drain

36
Q

Investigation pneumothorax

A

CXR

37
Q

CF aetiology

A

Genetic - AR

38
Q

Pathophysiology CF

A

Abnormal Cl channels causing increased Na reabsorption causing increased viscosity secretions

39
Q

Symptoms CF

A

Recurrent childhood chest infections, FTT, meconium ileum, steatorrhea

40
Q

Signs CF

A

Clubbing, purulent sputum, central cyanosis, bilateral crackles

41
Q

Investigations CF

A

Sweat testing, genetic testing

42
Q

Treatment CF

A

Physio, antibiotics, steroids, nutritional support, transplants

43
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

stasis, abnormal vessels, hypercoaguable states

44
Q

Aetiologies PE

A

Immobility, trauma, recent surgery, pregnancy, malignancy

45
Q

Symptoms PE

A

Dyspnoea, tachypnoea, pleuritic pain, haemoptysis, cough

46
Q

Signs PE

A

Tachycardia, hypotension, increased JVP

47
Q

Investigations PE

A

Bloods, ECG, V/Q scan, Doppler

48
Q

Treatment PE

A

Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, oxygen

49
Q

Pulmonary hypertension pathophysiology

A

increased pulmonary aftery pressure

50
Q

Aetiology PHT

A

COPD, PE, Cardiac disesse

51
Q

Symptoms PHT

A

SOB, fatigue, chest tightness,

52
Q

Signs PHT

A

Peripheral oedema

53
Q

Investigations PHT

A

CXR, ECG, PFTs, ECHO, CT chest

54
Q

Treatment PHT

A

Warfarin, oxygen, diuretics, CCBS, surgery

55
Q

RFs TB

A

DM, previous TB, alcohol, poor social circumstances

56
Q

Investigations TB

A

Mantoux test, 3 sputum samples, CXR

57
Q

Symptoms TB

A

Cough, sputum, haemoptyis, pleuritic pain, SOB, systemically unwell

58
Q

Treatment TB

A

2 months rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol then 4 months rifampicin and isoniazid
Notifiy health board and contact tracing

59
Q

Side effect of rifampicin

A

red-orange urine

1st and 2nd year main conditions (27 decks)

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