Headache

Question 1

Aetiologies of tension type headache?

Answer 1

Triggers include stress, noise, prolonged concentration, anxiety, depression, refractive errors, analgesic overuse, hypertension

Question 2

Aetiologies of migraine?

Answer 2

Hypersensitivity to triggers: stress, hormones, hunger, food cravings, sleep disturbance, dehydration, environmental stimuli

Question 3

Aetiologies of Cluster headache?

Answer 3

Sporadic

Question 4

Aetiologies of SUNCT?

Answer 4

SporadicTriggers: wind, touch, cold

Question 5

Aetiologies of thunderclap headache?

Answer 5

Primary headachesSAHTIA/stroke ICHVertebral artery dissection Meningitis

Question 6

Aetiologies of Giant cell arteritis?

Answer 6

Unknown cause

Question 7

Pathology of tension type headache?

Answer 7

Generated by neuromuscular irritation with pain referred to scalp

Question 8

Pathology of migraine?

Answer 8

Complex changes in brain which hypersensitive the trigeminal ganglion

Question 9

Pathology of cluster headache?

Answer 9

Hyperactivity of the trigeminal autonomic systems due to usually unsinister stimuli

Question 10

Pathology of giant cell arteritis?

Answer 10

Inflammation of the large arteries in the brain resulting in granulomatous deposits

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of tension type headache?

Answer 11

Tight band sensationPressure behind the eyesThrobbing sensation

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of migraine?

Answer 12

Prodrome - mood change, yawningAura - Visual cascade, motor dysarthria Headache - very severe, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea and vomiting

Question 13

Signs and symptoms of cluster headache?

Answer 13

Excruciating, unilateral pain in bouts lasting months but then remitting for months Associated with orbital/temporal pain, lacrimation, ptosis Pain ceases rapidly

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of SUNCT?

Answer 14

As cluster headache but with 10s-4min duration up to 200 times a day Associated symptoms include - conjunctival injection and lacrimation

Question 15

Signs and symptoms of thunderclap headache?

Answer 15

Highly intense headache with sudden onset which reaches maximum within 1 minSettles instantaneously

Question 16

Signs and symptoms of giant cell arteritis?

Answer 16

Diffuse headache Systemic unwellJaw claudication Visual disturbance Beaded temporal artery

Question 17

Investigation and findings of headaches?

Answer 17

If suspicious presentation admit for an MRI/CT brain

Question 18

Investigation and findings of giant cell arteritis?

Answer 18

FBC - CRP and ESR elevated, high platelets BiochemU+Es

Question 19

Management of migraine?

Answer 19

TriptansNSAIDs Prophylaxis

Question 20

Management of cluster headache

Answer 20

100% O2 Triptans Short course steroids

Question 21

Management of SUNCT?

Answer 21

Symptomatic reliefAnalgesics Anti epileptics

Question 22

Management of thunderclap headache?

Answer 22

Treat cause

Question 23

Management of giant cell arteritis?

Answer 23

High dose prednisolone