Respiratory: Definitions - 15.2 Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 1

Active vs. passive

Answer 1

Active means uses energy.
Passive means no use of energy.

Question 2

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 2

The air pressure outside the human body.

Question 3

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 3

The nervous system that controls involuntary muscles and the breathing muscles.

Question 4

Brainstem

Answer 4

Connects the diencephalon to the spinal cord. Contains the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

Question 5

Chemoreceptors

Answer 5

Reflex receptors that monitor chemicals. In the respiratory center they monitor oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH (H+)

Question 6

Diaphragm

Answer 6

The skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 7

Elastic recoil

Answer 7

Elastic fibers in the lungs allow the lungs to return to their original shape during normal expiration.

Question 8

Exhalation

Answer 8

The process of air leaving the lungs and going back into the atmosphere. Also called expiration.

Question 9

Expiration

Answer 9

The process of air leaving the lungs and going back into the atmosphere. Also called exhalation.

Question 10

External intercostal muscle

Answer 10

Outer set of muscles that attach one rib to another rib in the thoracic cavity. “Pulls” ribs downward.

Question 11

Forced expiration

Answer 11

“Pushing air out” of the body using extra muscles such as the abdominal muscles.

Question 12

Forced inspiration

Answer 12

“Sucking in more air” than normal using extra muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid and serratus anterior.

Question 13

Inhalation

Answer 13

The movement of air into the lungs from the atmosphere. Also called inspiration.

Question 14

Inspiration

Answer 14

The movement of air into the lungs from the atmosphere. Also called inhalation.

Question 15

Intercostal nerve

Answer 15

The spinal nerve that controls the external intercostal muscles.

Question 16

Internal intercostal muscle

Answer 16

Inner set of muscles that attach one rib to another rib in the thoracic cavity. “Pulls” ribs upwards and out”.

Question 17

Intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 17

The air pressure within the lungs.

Question 18

Medulla oblongata

Answer 18

Part of the brainstem that has the three major vital centers that control heart rate, respiratory rate and blood vessel size.

Question 19

Major Respiratory Center

Answer 19

Located in the medulla oblongata. Controls the depth and rate of breathing.

Question 20

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 20

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary movement. “Normal Housekeeping System”.

Question 21

Parietal pleura

Answer 21

Outer membrane of the pleura. Attaches to the thoracic cavity wall.

Question 22

Phrenic nerve

Answer 22

A spinal nerve that is in the cervical plexus.

Question 23

Pons

Answer 23

Part of the brainstem. Superior to the medulla oblongata.

Question 24

Prime mover

Answer 24

The major skeletal muscle that causes the main movement.

Question 25

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 25

The clinical term for “breathing”.

Question 26

Quiet (normal) expiration

Answer 26

Breathing out in normal conditions. Does not require any muscles, thus no energy by the body.

Question 27

Quiet (normal) inspiration

Answer 27

Breathing in during normal conditions.

Question 28

Serratus anterior

Answer 28

Skeletal muscles that attach to the lateral side of the ribs. Used in forced inspiration.

Question 29

Stretch receptors

Answer 29

Mechanoreceptors that measure stretch

Question 30

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 30

The “fight or flight” branch of the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary movements.

Question 31

Thoracic cavity

Answer 31

“Chest cavity”.

Question 32

Ventral respiratory center (VRG)

Answer 32

Located in the medulla oblongata. Controls the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 33

Visceral Pleura

Answer 33

Inner membrane of the pleura; attaches to the lung