Respiratory: Definitions - 15.1 Functions and Anatomy (N - Z)

Question 1

Nares

Answer 1

Also called nostrils. Opening to nasal cavity.

Question 2

Nasal cavity

Answer 2

Superior to oral cavity and separated by the hard and soft palate. Contain mucous membranes, a septum and nasal conchae.

Question 3

Nasal septum

Answer 3

Divides nasal cavity into two parts. Septum means “wall”.

Question 4

Nasolacrimal duct

Answer 4

The tear duct, that drains tears into the nasal cavity.

Question 5

Nasopharynx

Answer 5

Superior portion of the pharynx. Transports air only.

Question 6

Nasal Conchae

Answer 6

Three pairs of inward folds in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Question 7

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 7

Special cells in the nasal cavity that detect smell.

Question 8

oropharynx

Answer 8

The middle portion of the pharynx.

Question 9

Palatine tonsil

Answer 9

Lymphatic tissue that is located in the posterior pharynx.

Question 10

Parietal (outer) pleura

Answer 10

A serous membrane that attaches to the thoracic cavity wall.

Question 11

Pathogen

Answer 11

Any disease-causing microorganism.

Question 12

Pharynx

Answer 12

Commonly called the “throat”. A muscular passage in which the respiratory and digestive tract share.

Question 13

Pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 13

Lymphatic tissue located on the wall of the oropharynx.

Question 14

Pleura

Answer 14

A double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung.

Question 15

Pleural fluid

Answer 15

Fluid of the pleura cavity, between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura.

Question 16

Pleura cavity

Answer 16

Formed between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura. Contains a serous fluid that is called pleural fluid.

Question 17

Pneumothorax

Answer 17

Air enters the pleural cavity which can cause the lung to collapse. Example: gunshot wound,

Question 18

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 18

Type of epithelial tissue that produces mucous.

Question 19

Pulmonary capillaries

Answer 19

Small, narrow capillaries that surround each alveolus.

Question 20

Pulmonary Surfactant

Answer 20

A lipid secreted by great alveolar cells to prevent the thin walls of the alveolus from sticking together and collapsing.

Question 21

Respiratory membrane

Answer 21

A very, very thin membrane that is between the pulmonary and systemic capillaries. Capable of gas exchange.

Question 22

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 22

Single layer of squamous cells that allow for diffusion.

Question 23

Sinus

Answer 23

A cavity in a bone. In head – lined with mucous membranes.

Question 24

Soft Palate

Answer 24

The fleshy part (no bone) on the posterior portion of the palate.

Question 25

Squamous alveolar cells

Answer 25

Simple layer of squamous (flat) cells used in diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane.

Question 26

Stratified squamous Epithelium

Answer 26

Many layers of flat cells that provide protection in areas where there is a lot of abrasion, such as food rubbing against them.

Question 27

Surfactant

Answer 27

Lipid secreted by great alveolar cells that prevent the alveoli from collapsing.

Question 28

Thoracic cavity

Answer 28

“Chest cavity”. Also called “thorax”.

Question 29

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 29

Largest of the cartilages in the larynx. Commonly called the “Adam’s apple”.

Question 30

Trachea

Answer 30

A cartilage tube that extends from the inferior end of the larynx to the main bronchi.

Question 31

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 31

Contains the nasal cavity, pharynx (naso- and oro-), and larynx.

Question 32

Uvula

Answer 32

A projection of the posterior portion soft palate.

Question 33

Visceral pleura

Answer 33

A serous membrane that attaches to the lungs.

Question 34

Vocal cords

Answer 34

Muscular cords that produce sound when air passes through them. Found in larynx.