Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

tachypnea

Answer 1

rapid, superficial breathing

Question 2

hyperventilation

Answer 2

rapid, deep breathing

Question 3

bradypnea

Answer 3

slow, deep breathing

Question 4

hypoventilation

Answer 4

slow, shallow breathing

Question 5

apnea

Answer 5

cessation of breathing

Question 6

hyperpnea

Answer 6

increased depth of respiration with a normal to increased rate; regular rhythm

Question 7

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 7

periodic breathing associated with periods of apnea, alternating regularly with a series of respiratory cycles that gradually increases, then decreases in rate and depth

Question 8

ataxic breathing

Answer 8

periods of apnea alternating irregularly with a series of shallow breaths of equal depth

Question 9

Kussmaul’s respiration

Answer 9

deep, regular sighing respirations with an increase in respiratory rate; a form of pursed-lip breathing

Question 10

apneusis

Answer 10

long, gasping inspiratory phase followed by a short, inadequate expiratory phase

Question 11

obstructed breathing

Answer 11

long, ineffective expiratory phase with shallow, increased respirations

Question 12

thoracentesis

Answer 12

removal of excess fluid from pleural cavity, prevent atelectasis

Question 13

tracheotomy

Answer 13

incision into the trachea below the larynx to permit air intake

Question 14

extrinsic asthma

Answer 14

acute asthmatic episodes are triggered by type I hypersensitivity reactions; sensitized IgE trigger histamine release

Question 15

intrinsic asthma

Answer 15

asthma attacks are initiated by hyper-responsive tissue in airway

Question 16

early phase manifestations of asthma

Answer 16

tight feeling in chest, expiratory wheezing, dyspnea and tachypnea, pain when breathing, non-productive cough

Question 17

manifestations of severe asthma attacks

Answer 17

expiratory and inspiratory wheezing, worsening dyspnea, use of accessory muscles and retractions, thick/sticky mucous, tachycardia, hypoxia

Question 18

asthma

Answer 18

• intermittent or persistent airway obstruction

- obstruction due to inflammation, bronchoconstriction/bronchospasms, engorged blood vessels, excess mucous production

Question 19

status asthmaticus

Answer 19

severe, persistent asthma attacks; a medical emergency

Question 20

status asthmaticus manifestations

Answer 20

• no response to usual therapy, worsening respiratory status
• pulsus paradoxus

Question 21

pulsus paradoxus

Answer 21

pulse differs on inspiration and expiration; speeds up during inspiration, slows down during expiration

Question 22

FEV1 in asthmatic patients

Answer 22

less than 80% of normal FEV1 indicates oncoming asthma attack

Question 23

asthma ABGs

Answer 23

hypoxemia, hypercapnia, acidosis

Question 24

emphysema

Answer 24

abnormal irreversible enlargement of the gas-exchange airways accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls

Question 25

emphysema causes

Answer 25

- smoking | - genetic deficiency in alpha-1 antitrypsin

Question 26

FEV1 in emphysema patients

Answer 26

less than 30% of normal

Question 27

emphysema ABGs

Answer 27

hypercapnia | hypoxemia in advanced stages

Question 28

chronic bronchitis

Answer 28

airway obstruction of major and small airways due to inflammation of mucosa and thickening of bronchiole walls

Question 29

clinical diagnosis for chronic bronchitis

Answer 29

inflammation, obstruction, repeated infection, chronic coughing for 3 months or longer, two times in 2 years