Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
A chronic respirator d/o in which the patient has difficulty in breathing
A
Asthma
2
Q
Main clinical features of asthma
A
Breathlessness
Intermittent wheezing
Tightness in chest with cough
3
Q
Factors that contribute to difficulty in breathing
A
Constriction of bronchial smooth muscles resulting in broncho-constriction
Increased secretion of thick mucus that adheres to the wall of bronchioles
Edema or respiratory mucosa
4
Q
Substances released when there is destruction of mast cells in the lungs
A
Histamine
Leukotrines
Prostaglandins
5
Q
What do Histamine, Leukotrines, and Prostaglandins do
A
Constriction of smooth muscle
Mucosal edema
Increase bronchial secretions
6
Q
Treatment for Asthma
A
Allergen avoidance
Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy
7
Q
Types of bronchodilators
A
Sympathomimetics
Leukotrine modifiers
Mast cell stabilizers
Anti-inflammatory Corticosteroids
8
Q
Effect of bronchodilators
A
relieve asthma symptoms
improve breathing
9
Q
Pathologic effect of bronchodilators
A
Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles
Improve pulmonary function
10
Q
Administration of Sympathomimetics
A
Aerosol
11
Q
Indication for use of aerosol Sympathomimetics
A
Mild to moderate asthma attacks
12
Q
Selective B2 receptor agonists
A
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
13
Q
Non-selective Sympathomimetics
A
Ephedrine
Isoprenaline
14
Q
Better sympathomimetics administrations
A
Aerosol > Oral
15
Q
Side effects of Sympathomimetics
A
Tachycardia
Tremor
Headache
Insomnia
16
Q
Administration of Adrenaline
A
Sub-cutaneous
Intra-muscular
Inhalation
17
Q
Dose for Adrenaline
A
preferred in severe asthamtic attack
18
Q
Administration for Isoprenaline
A
Sublingual
Aerosol
19
Q
Dose for Sublingual Isoprenaline
A
10-20 mg
20
Q
Dose for Aerosol Isoprenaline
A
1-2 mg
21
Q
Administration for Ephedrine
A
Oral
22
Q
Dose for Ephedrine
A
30-60 mg
23
Q
Administration of Salbutamol and Terbutaline
A
Oral
Sub-cutaneous
Inhalation
24
Q
Dose for Oral Salbutamol and Terbutaline
A
1-5 mg
25
Dose for sub-cutaneous Salbutamol and Terbutaline
250-500 um
26
Dose for inhalation Salbutamol and Terbutaline
100-300 um
27
Types of Xanthine drugs that are related to caffeine and theobromine
Theophylline
Aminophylline
28
Pathological effects of Xanthines
Inhibit phosphodiesterase enzyme
Inhibits histamine release
Increased c-AMP concentration in the bronchial muscles, resulting in its relaxation
Removal of obstruction in the lungs
29
Pathological effects of Theophylline
Cardiac stimulation
CNS excitation
30
Side effects of Xanthines
Nausea
Vomitting
Tachycardia
31
Administration for Theophylline
Oral
32
Dose of Theophylline
100-300 mg TID
33
Administration for Aminophylline
Intra-venous
Oral
34
Dose for IV Aminophylline
250-500 mg
35
Dose for Oral Aminophylline
250-500 mg TID
36
Type of bronchodilators that are not preferred
Anticholinergics
37
Examples of Leukotrine antagonists
Monteleukast
Zafirleukast
38
Pathologic effects of Leukotrine antagnoists
Antagonizes leukotrine receptors mediate broncho-constriction, increases vascular permeability, and eosinophilia
39
Dose for Monteleukast
10 mg BID
40
Dose for Zafirleukast
20 mg BID
41
A synthetic that inhibits the breakdown of mast cells by allergen stimuli
Sodium cromoglycate
42
Pathologic effect of mast cell stabilizers
Inhibits breakdown of mast cells by allergen stimuli
43
Effects of Long-term Use of Mast Cell Stabilizers
Decreases cellular inflammatory response
reduces bronchial hyperactivity
43
Administration for Mast Cell Stabilizers
Aerosol
Oral inhalation
43
Dose for Mast Cell Stabilizers
20 mg QID
44
Side effects of Mast Cell Stabilizers
Throat irritation
Transient broncho-constriction
44
Why are Corticosteroids used in asthma?
Anti-inflammatory action
44
Contraindication of Corticosteroids
Systemic fungal infections
44
Examples of Corticosteroids
Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Beclomethasone
45
Side effects of Corticosteroids
Adrenal atrophy
Peptic ulcer
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Cushing's
45
Dose for Hydrocortisone
4mg/kg/4-6 hrs orally
45
Dose for Prednisolone
Oral 30-60 mg/day
46
Dose for Beclomethasone
Aerosol 10 ug
46
A serious medical emergency in which the pt has continued asthma attack, marked dyspnea, cyanosis, and dehydration
Status Asthmaticus
46
Treatment for Status Asthmaticus
Hydrocortisone Hemisuccinate
Salbutamol/Terbutaline
46
Dose for Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
100 mg
46
Dose for Salbutamol/Terbutaline
0.4 mg Intra-muscular
47
What is used to correct dehydration and acidoses in Status Asthmaticus
Saline c Sodium Bicarbonate
47
A protective reflex which expels respiratory secretions and foreign particles from air passages
Cough
47
Classifications of cough
Productive
Non-productive
47
Function of productive cough
Drain the airway
47
Classification of cough drugs
Pharyngeal Demulcents
Expectorants
Antitussives
47
Drugs that soothe the throat directly as well as promote salivation and reduce afferent impulses
Pharyngeal Demulcents
47
Pathologic effects of Expectorants
Increase bronchial secretions
Reducing bronchial secretion viscosity
47
Effects of expectorants
Loosen cough making it less irritating and more productive
48
Increases bronchial secretion via salt action
Sodium & Potassium Citrate/Acetate
48
Dosage of Sodium & Potassium Citrate/Acetate
0.31 gm
48
Pathologic effect of Potassium Iodide
Releases iodide which irritates bronchial glands and increasing its volume of secretion
48
Effects of prolonged potassium iodide use
Goiter
Hyperthyroidism
49
Potassium Iodide is ineffective in
acutely inflamed bronchial mucosa
49
Dosage for Potassium Iodide
0.2-0.3 gm
49
Pathologic effect of Guaphenasin
Increases bronchial action
Increases mucosal cilliary action
49
Direct acting Expectorants
Sodium & Potassium Citrate/Acetate
Potassium Iodide
Guaphenasin
49
Reflexly acting Expectorants
Ammonium aslts
49
Pathologic effects of Ammonium salt
Gastric irritants, reflexly enhancing bronchial secretion and sweating.
49
Dosage for Ammonium salts
0.3-0.1 gm
49
Liquifies sputum and facilitate expectoration
Mucolytics
49
A derivative of alkaloid vasicine obtained from Adathoda vasika
Bromexhine
49
Pathologic effect of Bromhexine
De-polymerizes mucopolysaccharides directly and liberating lysosomal enzyme.
Induces thin copius bronchial section
50
Adult dosage for Bromhexine
8 mg TID
50
Children dosage for Bromhexine
4 mg BID (1-5 y/o)
4 mg TID (5-10 y/o)
50
A metabolite of bromexhine having similar mucolytic action
Ambroxol
50
Dosage for Ambroxol
15-30 mg TID
50
Drugs that act through CNS to raise the threshold of the cough center or act peripherally in the respiratory tract to reduce cough impulses
Antitussives
50
Goal of Antitussives
Control rather than eliminate cough
50
Indication for Antitussives
Dry unproductive cough
Sleep-disturbing cough
51
An opium alkaloid, qualitatively similar but less potent than morphine
Codeine
51
Effects of Codeine
Suppresses cough for 6 hours
51
Side effect of codeine
Constipation
51
Dosage of Codeine in adults
10-30 mg/day
51
Dosage of Codeine in children (2-6 y/o)
2.5-5 mg/day
51
Dosage of Codeine in children (6-12 y/o)
5-10 mg/day
51
It has similar efficacy as antitussive and has no analgesic or addiction property
Pholocodeine
51
Duration of Pholocodeine
12 hrs or more
51
Dosage for Pholocodeine
10-15 mg/day
51
Opioids
Codeine
Pholocodeine
51
Non-opioids
Noscapine
Dextromethorphan
51
It depresses cough and has no narcotic, analgesic, or dependent property
Noscapine
51
Side effects of Noscapine
Headache
Nausea
51
A synthetic compound having selective antitussive action as that of codeine. It is devoid of constipation and addiction liability
Dextromethorphan
51
Drugs used to relieve nasal mucosal congestion accompanying allergic rhinitis, high fever, and sinusitis
Nasal decongestants
51
Physiologic effect of Nasal decongestants
Vasoconstriction of mucosal blood vessels thereby reducing the edema
51
Oral decongestants
Ephedrine
Phenylpropanolamine
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylphrine
52
Topical decongestants
Ephedrine
Oxymetazoline
Xylometazoline
Phenylephrine
52
Mechanism of action of oral decongestants
Shrink the mucus membrane by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucus membranes
52
Mechanism of action of topical decongestants
Imitate the effects of SNS to cause vasoconstriction leading to decreased edema and inflammation
52
Indication of oral decongestants
Relieve discomfort of nasal congestion associated c common cold, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis
Relief of pain and congestion of otitis media
52
Indication of topical decongestants
Relieve discomfort of nasal congestion associated c common cold, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis
Relieves pressure of otitis media
52
Time to reach peak levels of oral decongestants
20-45 mins
52
Onset of oral decongestants
30 mins
52
Duration of oral decongestants
4-6 hours
52
Metabolization of oral decongestants happen in
Liver
52
Excretion of oral decongestants happens in
Urine
52
Onset of topical decongestants
Immediate
52
Duration of topical decongestants
4-6 hrs
52
Side effects of decongestants
Nasal burning
Irritation and dryness
Headache
Anxiety
Restlessness
Sleeping problems
Fast heartbeat
52
