Respiratory facts

Question 1

asthma characteristics

Answer 1

Inflammation in airways
bronchial hyper reactivity
reversible airway obstruction

Question 2

Immediate asthma

Answer 2

From irritants binding to mast cells starting spasm in bronchi, this also starts late phase

Question 3

Late phase asthma

Answer 3

from increased inflammatory factors from mast cells signalling eosinophils to enter
results in a progressive inflammatory reaction
also releases growth factors causing hypertrophy

Question 4

B2 receptors (asthma

Answer 4

Activate adenylate cyclase and increase cAMP which reduces Ca+ and contraction
also inhibits mast cell release and TNF alpha release

Question 5

cysteinyl leukotriene

Answer 5

The CysLT1 receptor causes bronchoconstriction, hyper responsive airways, mucosal edema, mucous hyper secretion

Question 6

Glucocorticoid nuclear action

Answer 6

Either binds a GREE and up regulates
or binds a nGRE and down regulates
-reduce T-helper cell IL-2
-prevents eosinophil influx via IL-5 and IL-13
-Reduce IgE

Question 7

Glucocorticoid and Beta 2 agonists

Answer 7

Bronchodilation increases glucocorticoid delivery
glucocorticoids upregulate B2 receptors in lungs

Question 8

COPD characteristics

Answer 8

-Fibrosis of small airways
-destruction of elastin causing emphysema
-chronic inflammation of small airways