Respiratory Failure Flashcards
What are causes of obstructive failure?
COPD
Asthma
What is Hoover’s sign?
Increased ribcage expansion, increased accessory muscle use and reduction in basal thoracic diameter
What causes restrictive lung failure?
Obesity
Resp muscle weakness
Reduced lung volumes and small amplitude breaths, worse when supine
What is Cheyne Stokes Breathing?
Alternating hypo/hyper ventilation in 60 sec cycle in severe cardiac disease due to slow perfusion of chemo receptors
What is agonal breathing?
Pre-terminal patients or opiate poisoning
Groups of 4-8 breaths per min with apnoea between
Name some causes of hypoventilation
Hypothyroid
Muscle weakness
REM sleep
Loop diuretics causing metabolic alkalosis
Name some causes of hyperventilation
Hyperthyroid
Cirrhosis
Metbolic acidosis
What defines Type 1 resp failure?
ONLY hypoxia without raised CO2
What causes type 1 resp failure?
R-L shunt
V/Q mismtach (PE)
Alveolar hypoventilation
Altitude
What are symptoms of T1 Resp failure?
Cyanosis
Tachypneoa
Hypotension
Accessory muscle use
What defines Type 2 resp failure?
Hypercapnia and Hypoxia (2 things affected!)
What are causes of t2 resp failure?
Pump failure (drive, muscles)
Increased CO2 production
R-L shunt
Increased dead space
What are symptoms of T2 resp failure?
Dyspnoea Anxiety Papilloedema Flapping Warm peripheries Morning headaches Myoclonic jerks Frequent infections
What form of ventilation is used in T1 resp failure?
CPAP
What kind of ventilation is used in T2 resp failure?
BiPAP/NIV
