Respiratory Failure Flashcards
1
Q
What is hypoxaemia?
A
Lack of O2 in arterial blood
PaO2 < 8 kPa
2
Q
What is hypercarbia?
A
Too much CO2 in arterial blood
PaCO2 > 7 kPa
3
Q
What is type 1 respiratory failure?
A
- Oxygenation failure
- Hypoxaemia with normal/low PaCO2
- Affects part of lung - remaining able to excrete CO2
4
Q
What is type 2 respiratory failure?
A
- Ventilatory failure
- Hypoxaemia + Hypercarbia
- Affects whole lung - inadequate ventilation = CO2 accumulation
5
Q
What are the causes of type 2 RF?
A
- Depression of respiratory centre
- Respiratory muscle weakness
- Chest wall deformity
- Severe lung disease
6
Q
What are the signs of low O2?
A
Confusion, restlessness, cyanosis, tachypnoea (rapid breathing)
7
Q
What are the signs of high CO2?
A
Drowsiness, confusion, headache, agitation, bounding pulse, asterixis
8
Q
How is type 2 RF treated?
A
- Oxygen - LT 16 hours/day
- Poor prognosis
9
Q
How is type 1 RF treated?
A
- Ventilation + non-invasive ventilation
- Even poorer prognosis
- Overnight ventilation
10
Q
What is normal blood pH?
A
7.35-7.45
11
Q
What pH is alkalaemia?
A
pH > 7.45
12
Q
What pH is acidaemia?
A
pH < 7.35
13
Q
How are changes in CO2 controlled?
A
Changes in ventilation
14
Q
How are changes in HCO3 controlled?
A
Renal absorption/excretion
15
Q
What is normal oxygen saturation?
A
> 94 %
