Respiratory Function

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 1

Mouth
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Aveoli
Lungs

Question 3

Gas Transport: oxygen moves from lungs into tissue by two routes

Answer 3

Dissolved in plasma 3%

Attached to Hgb in RBCs 97%

Question 4

The process of ventilation is regulated by

Answer 4

neural pathways in the brainstem

Question 5

What drives ventilation?

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide

Question 6

Respiratory Rate: Newborn/Infant

Answer 6

30-60 bpm

Question 7

Respiratory Rate: 3 y/o Child

Answer 7

20-30 bpm

Question 8

Respiratory Rate: Into Adulthood

Answer 8

Gradually decreases to 12-20 bpm

Question 9

What body position allows for greatest lung expansion?

Answer 9

An upright posture; standing or sitting erectly

Question 10

Major Functions of Upper Respiratory System

Answer 10

Humidify, warm, and clean inspired air

Nose is highly effective in filtering foreign particles

Question 11

Major Functions of Lower Respiratory System

Answer 11

Further filter and clean incoming air

Mucus blanket traps bacteria/microscopic foreign particles, cilia, macrophages

Question 12

Smoking

Answer 12

Vasoconstricts
Mucus production increases
Slows mucociliary escalator

Question 13

Can depress the CNS resulting in decreased respiration

Answer 13

Drugs and Alcohol

Question 14

Altered Lung Function: Restricted Lung Movement

Answer 14

Stiffen or may restrict expansion of the chest

May cause the lung to collapse
or alveoli to collapse (atelectasis)

Question 15

Altered Lung Function: Airway Obstruction

Answer 15

Narrowed airways

Mucus
Inflammation
Altered bronchial smooth muscle tone

Question 16

Respiratory Assessment: Inspection

Answer 16

Barrel-shaped chest
Cyanosis
Clubbing
Rate and pattern of respiration

Question 17

Respiratory Assessment: Palpation

Answer 17

Look for swelling or tenderness and fremitus

Question 18

Respiratory Assessment: Percussion

Answer 18

Detect fluid-filled or consolidated portions of the lung

Question 19

Respiratory Assessment: Auscultation

Answer 19

Sounds are classified as bronchial, bronchovesicular, and vesicular

Question 20

Cyanosis and where to assess

Answer 20

Bluish skin discoloration

Central - Mucous membranes of eyes and mouth

Peripheral - toes/fingers, extremities

Question 21

Clubbing

Answer 21

Enlargement and rounding of the tips of fingers/toes

Question 22

Chest Deformity in Respiratory Issue

Answer 22

Barrel-shaped due to expansion of chest after long term inability to exhale all air in COPD patients

Question 23

Ronchi

Answer 23

Low-pitched, snoring or moaning

Fluid in larger airways

Question 24

Wheeze

Answer 24

High-pitched, musical sounds

Associated with narrowed airways

Question 25

Crackles

Answer 25

High-pitched, popping sounds Alveoli

Question 26

Stridor

Answer 26

High-pitched, most severe type of inspiratory wheeze

Question 27

Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective **Breathing** Pattern

Answer 27

Labored breathing **Inspiration/Expiration** that does not provide adequate ventilation

Question 28

Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance

Answer 28

**Cannot expel** obstructions from the respiratory tract to maintain a clear airway

Question 29

Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange

Answer 29

Crackles Excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the **alveolar-capillary membrane**

Question 30

Venturi Mask

Answer 30

Most precise

Question 31

Before you suction, you should always

Answer 31

Hyperoxygenate / Preoxygenate

Question 32

Atelectasis

Answer 32

Collapsing of the alveoli

Question 33

Hypoxemia

Answer 33

Low concentration of oxygen in the blood

Question 34

Hypercapnia

Answer 34

High concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 35

Hemoptysis

Answer 35

Coughing up blood

Question 36

Quad Cough

Answer 36

Helps quadriplegic pts generate an effective cough; nurse will help by pushing in and upward like the Heimlich maneuver

Question 37

Low-Flow (Huff) Cough

Answer 37

Pt inhales deeply and says “huff” three or four times while exhaling

Question 38

Pursed-lip breathing

Answer 38

Causes back pressure in the airways Eases expiration Prevents air trapping

Question 39

Suctioning max time

Answer 39

no more than 10 seconds at a time

Question 40

**In**centive Spirometer

Answer 40

Motivates the pt to breathe (**inhale**) deeply by offering the incentive of measuring progress

Question 41

Peak Flow Meter

Answer 41

Measures highest flow during maximal **expiration**

Question 42

Peak flow meter used for (population)

Answer 42

**Asthmatics** Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema

Question 43

Pts should use a spirometer how often?

Answer 43

8-10 times an hour

Question 44

Fremitus is what and how do you assess?

Answer 44

Vibration of air movement through the chest wall palpating the back while the pt says "99"

Question 45

Fermitus increase

Answer 45

consolidation in the lung

Question 46

Fermitus decrease

Answer 46

pleural effusion or pneumothorax

Question 47

Atmosphere contains how much oxygen?

Answer 47

21%

Question 48

Accessory muscles when breathing

Answer 48

Neck Shoulders Sitting, forward leaning Flaring of nostrils (infant)

Question 49

Infectious sputum characteristics

Answer 49

yellow/green has putrid/musty odor

Question 50

How to thin out secretions

Answer 50

Hydrate

Question 51

Sputum culture (does what)

Answer 51

to identify the specific agent causing the infection

Question 52

Sputum sensitivity test (does what)

Answer 52

will determine which antibiotic to use

Question 53

Hyperventilation

Answer 53

PaCO2 **lower than 35** mm Hg

Question 54

Aerosol Therapy

Answer 54

Add moisture to oxygen delivery systems **Hydrate thick sputum** and prevent mucous plugging **Administer drugs** to the airways (bronchodilators and corticosteroids)