Respiratory: Mechanics

Question 1

where do fluids flow

Answer 1

down pressure gradients

Question 2

what is atmospheric pressure set to

Answer 2

zero

Question 3

what equalizes with atmosphere

Answer 3

intrapulmonary pressure

Question 4

is there a physical barriers blocking air from pathways?

Answer 4

no, except mucus

Question 5

what are the two inward forces on lungs

Answer 5

1)elasticity of lungs 2)surface tension of extracellular fluid

Question 6

what is the elasticity of lungs inward

Answer 6

natural collapsing on lungs

Question 7

what is quiet respiration

Answer 7

not exercising, no forcible breath, at rest, energy free breathing

Question 8

what is the fluid filled layer that goes all the way around the lungs

Answer 8

pleural

Question 9

what is the function of the pleural layer

Answer 9

keep lungs expanded out and attach to rib cage

Question 10

what would happen if there was no pleural cavity

Answer 10

collapsed lung(nothing holding lung and rib cage together)

Question 11

what is very painful and involves an abrasion in the pleural cavity

Answer 11

pleuralcy

Question 12

what is another function of the pleural layer

Answer 12

allows lungs to slide freely with little tension(prevents abrasion and inflammation)

Question 13

what is the outward force on the lungs

Answer 13

expansion to ribs via the pleural cavity

Question 14

what is Boyle’s law of gases

Answer 14

volume changes lead to pressure changes, and gases always flow to the lowest pressure

Question 15

what is another word for inhalation

Answer 15

inspiration

Question 16

what is inspiration driven by

Answer 16

primarily diaphragm and secondarily by intercostal contraction

Question 17

what causes 75% of volume change

Answer 17

diaphragm

Question 18

what is the #1 breathing muscle

Answer 18

diaphragm

Question 19

what is the anatomy of the diaphragm when it is relaxed

Answer 19

dome shaped, arched

Question 20

what happens to volume and pressure during inspiration

Answer 20

volume increases and pressure decreases

Question 21

what do the changes in volume and pressure during inspiration allow for

Answer 21

allows for air flow down to the air sacs to be equalized

Question 22

what is the anatomy of the diaphragm when it contracts

Answer 22

flat, pulls lungs down

Question 23

what is another name for exhaling

Answer 23

expiration

Question 24

is expiration an energy free process?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

does expiration require any force?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

what happens to volume and pressure during expiration

Answer 26

volume decreases and pressure increases

Question 27

what happens to the diaphragm during expiration

Answer 27

diaphragm relaxes

Question 28

what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

Answer 28

diaphragm contracts

Question 29

what do the pressure and volume changes in expiration allow for

Answer 29

allow the air to flow out of lungs

Question 30

what happens to the intercostals during expiration

Answer 30

they get drawn in on the lungs as well(but no force)

Question 31

what draws in lungs during expiration and pushes air out until pressure is equalized(at 0)

Answer 31

elasticity and surface tension

Question 32

what describes the amount of air in the lungs and can be diagnostic of diseases

Answer 32

respiratory volumes

Question 33

what is the amount left in lungs after a complete exhale(as empty as possible)

Answer 33

residual volume

Question 34

what is the quantity of residual volume

Answer 34

about 1200 ml

Question 35

what would happen without residual volume

Answer 35

lungs would collapse

Question 36

what is the amount of volume between residual and tidal(necessary for exercise and extra demand)

Answer 36

expiratory reserve volume

Question 37

what is the quantity of expiratory reserve volume

Answer 37

about 1200 ml

Question 38

what is the standard relaxed breathing level

Answer 38

about half full, 500 ml

Question 39

describe tidal volume

Answer 39

quiet breathing, air comes in and out same entry way(like waves), both goes in and out of nasal and oral cavities

Question 40

what allows for greater potential lung capacity when needed

Answer 40

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 41

what is the quantity of insipiratory reserve volume

Answer 41

about 3100 ml

Question 42

what is the amount of total air the lungs can move

Answer 42

vital capacity

Question 43

what is the quantity of vital capacity

Answer 43

about 4,800 ml

Question 44

what are the parts of the respiratory zone that are in the conducting zone

Answer 44

dead space

Question 45

what is the quantity of the dead space

Answer 45

150 ml

Question 46

what type of breathing do fish and birds not have

Answer 46

tidal breathing(more effective)

Question 47

what is the dead space composed of

Answer 47

volume of the trachea and bronchi(no air sacs)

Question 48

what is "catching your breath"

Answer 48

shallow short breaths

Question 49

why are shallow short breaths not helpful

Answer 49

slow breaths allow air to reach alveoli(inflate more air sacs)