Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies > Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How many lobes are the lungs divided into?

A

5 lobes (3R, 2L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are each lobe is divided into what segments?

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the body structures?

A

Chest wall, visceral pleura, parietal pleura, diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Covers the external lung surface including fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Covers the thoracic wall/superior face of the diaphragm. Forms the lateral walls of the mediastinal enclosure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the intrapleural pressure?

A

756mmHg (-4mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Collapsing force of the lungs?

A

4mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Intrapulmonary pressure?

A

760mmHg (0mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulmonary perfusion

A

Requirements; adequate blood volume, intact capillaries, efficient pumping action by the heart. Hemoglobin, carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The physiological process is dependent on what three laws?

A

Boyles law, Dalton’s law, Henry’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What three processes make up respiration?

A

Ventilation, diffusion, perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ventilation

A

The mechanical process that moves air into and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two phases of ventilation?

A

Inspiration, expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

When temperature is constant, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with it’s volume; increasing and decreasing pressure to cause air to either use in/out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of inspiration?

A

Active (normal), forced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Active inspiration

A

Stimulus from respiratory center of the brain (medulla), transmitted via phrenic nerve to diaphragm and to spinal cord/intercostal nerves stimulating intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Forced inspiration

A

During heavy respiratory demand, accessory muscles assist to further increase the intrathoracic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 accessory muscles that assist in forced inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis minor, abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two types of expiration?

A

Passive (normal), forced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Passive expiration

A

Stretch receptors in lungs signal respiratory center via vagus nerve to inhibit inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Forced expiration

A

Required in some diseased states or during exercise; active process requiring energy, uses internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lung volumes in adult male

A

Total lung capacity (6000mL), vital capacity (4800mL), inspiratory reserve (3000mL), tidal volume (500mL), expiratory volume (1200mL), residual volume (1200mL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Respiratory rate

Study These Flashcards
A

Involuntary; however, can be voluntarily controlled. Chemical and physical mechanisms provide involuntary impulses to correct any breather irregularities

24
Q

Normal respiratory rates

Study These Flashcards
A

Adult: 12-20/min
Children:18-24/min
Infants: 40-60/min

25
Respiratory drive
Chemoreceptors in medulla, stimulated +PaCO2 or -pH, PaCO2 is normal neuroregulatory control of ventilations
26
Hypoxia drive
Chemoreceptors in aortic arch/carotid bodies, stimulated by -PaCO2, back up regulatory control
27
Chemoreceptors
Located in carotid bodies/arch of aorta/medulla, stimulated by -PaCO2/+PaCO2/-pH, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pH is primary control of respiratory center
28
What are the two respiration control centres?
Pons, medulla oblongata
29
Pons
Influence activity of medulla responses, smooth out the transition between both respiratory phases
30
What are the 2 areas of the medulla oblongata?
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG), ventral respiratory center (VRG)
31
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
Inspiratory center, controls external intercostal and diaphragm, stimulation when dormant phases for inspiration then expiration
32
Ventral respiratory center (VRG)
Has both inspiratory and expiratory centre’s but mainly activated when O2 demands increase, involves the accessory respiratory muscles during forced breathing, especially forced expiration
33
Nervous impulses from the respiratory center
Main respiratory center is medulla, neurons within medulla initiate impulses that produce respiration, apneustic center assumes respiratory control if the medulla fails to initiate impulses, pneumotoxic center controls expiration
34
Stretch receptors
The hearing-Breuer reflex prevents over-expansion of the lungs
35
Dalton’s Law
Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure
36
External respiration
Gases diffuse from areas of high partial pressure to areas of low partial pressure, deoxygenated blood becomes saturated
37
What is external respiration aided by?
Thin alveolar membrane, 70sq. Meters total surface area, narrow capillary pathway (blood calls travel single file)
38
Internal respiration
Exchange of gases between blood and tissues, conversion of oxygenated blood into deoxygenated
39
Internal respiration; observe diffusion of O2 inward
At rest 25% of avaliable O2 enters cells. During exercise more O2 is absorbed.
40
What happens when a portion of the alveoli collapses?
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch occurs affecting anyone concentration in the blood
41
What affects carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood?
Hyperventilation (increased respiratory rate/deeper respiration)
42
What causes an increase CO2 production?
Fever, muscle exertion, shivering, metabolic processes resulting in formation of metabolic acids
43
Decreased CO2 elimination results from decreased alveolar ventilation
Respiratory depression, airway obstruction, respiratory muscle impairment, obstructive diseases
44
Henry’s Law
Quantity of gas that will dissolve in a liquid depends upon the amount of gas present and its solubility coefficient
45
What are the two types of oxygen transport?
Oxyhemoglobin, Deoxyhemoglobin
46
Oxyhemoglobin
Contains 98.5% chemically combined oxygen and hemoglobin - inside red blood cells. Does not dissolve easily in water
47
What 4 factors affect hemoglobin binding?
Acidity (pH), partial pressure of carbon dioxide, temperature, BPG (2,3-biphosphoglycerate)
48
How does acidity (pH) affect hemoglobin binding?
As acidity increased, O2 affinity for Hb decreases. Bohr effect. H= binds to hemoglobin and alters it. O2 left behind in needy tissues.
49
How does partial pressure affect hemoglobin binding?
As Pco2 rises with exercise, O2 is released more easily. CO2 converts to carbonic acid and become H+ and bicarbonte ions and lowers pH.
50
How does temperature affect hemoglobin binding?
As temperature increases, more O2 is released. Metabolic activity and heat
51
How does BPG (2,3-biphosphoglycerate) affect hemoglobin binding?
Found when RBC break down glucose with anaerobic process of glycolysis. More BPG = more O2 released
52
Carbon dioxide transport mechanisms
Dissolved in plasma (7% - 10%) Combined with Hb and plasma proteins for easy release at the alveoli (23%) referred to as carbaminohemoglobin As bicarbonate (70%)
53
What are the four types of hypoxia?
Hypoxic hypoxia, hypemic hypoxia, stagnant hypoxia, histotoxic hypoxia
54
Hypoxic hypoxia
The lack of oxygen available to the body as a whole
55
Hypemic hypoxia
The body is unable to transport a sufficient supply of the oxygen that is available
56
Stagnant hypoxia
There is a sufficient supply of oxygen in the blood stream, but it is unable to move throughout the body
57
Histoxic hypoxia
Oxygen-rich blood is flowing normally, but the organs can’t make use of it

Respiratory Emergencies (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions