Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Gas exchange, ventilation, protection of airways, production of sound, chemical analysis.

Question 2

What happens when diaphragm goes down?

Answer 2

Inspiration (breathing in)

Question 3

Respiratory mucosa

Answer 3

Epithelium that lines the airways ; doesn’t allow gas exchange

Question 4

What type of tissue lines the major airways?

Answer 4

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with Goblet Cells

Question 5

What is the function of goblet cells?

Answer 5

Sits on top of cilia, releases mucus

Question 6

Mucociliary escalator

Answer 6

When air gets into the lungs and particles fall out of air and into mucus. The cilia moves the mucus up to the throat for coughing.

Question 7

What is mucus made of?

Answer 7

Water and protein

Question 8

What are the organs of the upper respiratory system?

Answer 8

Nose, mouth, larynx, and pharynx

Question 9

What do sebaceous glands do?

Answer 9

Secrete sebum to create moisture in the nose to make particles stick

Question 10

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 11

What are the nostrils called?

Answer 11

External nares

Question 12

What catches the particles when breathing in?

Answer 12

Vebrissae and sweat

Question 13

The nasal septum is composed of what structures?

Answer 13

-Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (main bony septum)
-base of vomer bone (other boney part)
-septal nasal cartilage (main cartilage)
-vomeronasal cartilage (small regional cartilage)

Question 14

What does the septum do?

Answer 14

Splits nasal cavity in half

Question 15

What is a deviated septum?

Answer 15

Prevent the sinuses from draining properly and interfere with breathing

Question 16

List the three nasal conchae.

Answer 16

Superior conchae, middle conchae, and inferior conchae

Question 17

What are the spaces between the conchae called?

Answer 17

Meautus

Question 18

What is the space below the superior conchae called?

Answer 18

The superior meatus

Question 19

What is the space below the middle conchae called?

Answer 19

The middle meatus

Question 20

What space is below the inferior conchae called?

Answer 20

The inferior meatus

Question 21

Superior and middle conchae are part of what bone?

Answer 21

The ethmoid bone

Question 22

What is the function of the conchae?

Answer 22

To slow and mix the air.

Question 23

What starts the beginning of the throat?

Answer 23

Nasopahrynx

Question 24

Nasal mucosa lines what?

Answer 24

The nasal cavity

Question 25

Pharynx is lined with what?

Answer 25

Respiratory mucosa

Question 26

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

Answer 26

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 27

What are the functions of the pharynx?

Answer 27

Pathway for respiratory and digestive tract, phonation (makes sound; change shape of pharynx to make sound)

Question 28

What does the larynx do?

Answer 28

Articulation (form words); “voice box”; has 9 cartilages

Question 29

What does the epiglottis function?

Answer 29

Moves as a flap when swallowing to prevent food from going into airway.

Question 30

What is your “Adam’s apple”?

Answer 30

Thyroid cartilage

Question 31

What are the UNpaired cartilages?

Answer 31

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage

Question 32

What are the paired cartilages?

Answer 32

Arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage

Question 33

What is the opening between vocal folds called?

Answer 33

Glottis

Question 34

What are the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 34

Intrinsic muscles: origin &insertion in larynx , tightening vocal folds Extrinsic muscles: origins outside of larynx on hyoid bone and insertion in larynx, elevate larynx when swallowing to cause epiglottis to cover larynx

Question 35

What are the functions of your larynx?

Answer 35

Voice production, warming and humidifying incoming air, protect entrance to larynx

Question 36

What is behind the trachea?

Answer 36

The esophagus. When swallowing, esophagus expands into trachea.

Question 37

What is the trachea lined with?

Answer 37

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 38

Aspiration

Answer 38

When food enters airways

Question 39

What is the Carina?

Answer 39

Bottom of trachea that branches into L and R bronchus

Question 40

Trachealis muscle

Answer 40

Smooth muscle used to constrict the trachea

Question 41

Function of trachea

Answer 41

To get air to and from the lungs

Question 42

What is the difference between right and left bronchus?

Answer 42

Right bronchus is bigger and closer to vertical than left bc right lung is bigger than left. The heart is closer to left midline so that’s why the left lung is smaller.

Question 43

What are bronchi lined with?

Answer 43

Respiratory mucosa

Question 44

What do primary bronchi branch into?

Answer 44

Secondary bronchi

Question 45

Primary bronchus is main airway of what?

Answer 45

A whole lung

Question 46

Secondary bronchus is the main airway of what?

Answer 46

A whole lobe of a lung

Question 47

How many secondary bronchi are in the RIGHT and LEFT lobe of a lung?

Answer 47

Right lobe has 3 Left lobe has 2

Question 48

Secondary bronchi branch into what?

Answer 48

Tertiary bronchi

Question 49

What are bronchi?

Answer 49

Distribute air to lung’s interior

Question 50

Bronchioles control airway resistance with what?

Answer 50

Bronchoconstriction and broncodilation

Question 51

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 51

The last level of bronchiole that isn’t involved in gas exchange

Question 52

Respiratory bronchiole

Answer 52

(Last bronchiole) Is after terminal bronchiole and first place in the lung for gas exchange Wall is simple squamous w/no muscle

Question 53

Alveolar duct

Answer 53

After respiratory bronchiole A tube that gas exchange can occur

Question 54

Alveoli

Answer 54

After the alveolar duct Collection of air sacs

Question 55

What can be involved in gas exchange?

Answer 55

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Question 56

If there is a decrease in surface area for gas exchange, what happens to the oxygen in the blood?

Answer 56

It decreases the amount oxygen in the blood and how much CO2 gets out of it.

Question 57

What is an alveolus made out of?

Answer 57

Type 1 alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelial cells) : gas exchange takes place Type 2 alveolar cells (cuboidal cells ) : put surfactant on water layer

Question 58

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 58

Gas exchange

Question 59

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 59

Superior lobe, middle lobe, and inferior lobe.

Question 60

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 60

Two lobes. The superior lobe and inferior lobe

Question 61

The oblique fissure separates what?

Answer 61

R LUNG: the middle and inferior lobe L LUNG: the superior and inferior lobe

Question 62

The horizontal fissure separates what?

Answer 62

Only in R LUNG. Separates the superior and middle lobe

Question 63

Cardiac Notch is located where?

Answer 63

In the left lung, where the heart sits

Question 64

The Root of the lung consists of what?

Answer 64

Pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, primary bronchus a lung

Question 65

What sticks to the surface of the lung?

Answer 65

Visceral pleura

Question 66

What space is in between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura?

Answer 66

Pleural space has pleural fluid

Question 67

The lungs are surrounded by what?

Answer 67

The pleural cavity

Question 68

What are the functions of the lungs?

Answer 68

Gas exchange Air distribution

Question 69

Glottis is what

Answer 69

The opening of the epiglottis

Question 70

Lungs are in what cavity?

Answer 70

Thoracic cavity

Question 71

Accessory structures are

Answer 71

The rib cage, oral cavity, and muscles associated with rib cage

Question 72

Each nasal cavity is divided into passages called

Answer 72

Meatus

Question 73

Describe the structure of the trachea

Answer 73

A tube lined with epithelium that has C-shaped cartilages. The opening of the C-shaped cartilages allows the esophagus to expand into the trachea when swallowing.