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SAM recall > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What questions would you ask?

A

vaccination?
deworming?
medications?
type of housing?
health stage and performance of toher animals ?
type of environmemnt?
age?

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2
Q

Steps of the exam=

A

nose and paranasal sinuses
coughing
larynx and pharynx
trachea
thorax

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3
Q

Nose and paranasal sinuses?

A

shape, form of nose (brachycephalic?)
occurence of nasal stridor
expired air
occurence of nasal discharge
nasal plane
nasal openings, MM
palate, nasopharynx
paranasal and frontal sinuses

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4
Q

When can we hear a nasal stridor?

A

narrowed airway passages: localisation??

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5
Q

abnormal sounds if we have nasal stridor?

A

stridor, sneezing - in cats rhinotracheitis
snoring, stertor: brachycephalic dogs
reverse sneezing
singultation in puppies (hicks)

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6
Q

How can we differentiate the stridors?

A

nasal stridor - sniffing sound
pharyngeal stridor - snoring sound (snoring in brachycephalic dogs)
larygneal stridor - soft sawing sound
collapsed trachea- EXPIRATORY TOOTING like a pig
laryngeal paralysis: inspiratory stridor
narrow trachea, bronchus - mixed

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7
Q

expired air can be categorized?

A

strength
symmetry
temperature
smell

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8
Q

nasal discharge?

A

continuinty, side, quantitiy, quality, consistency, color, odor smell

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9
Q

nasal plane?

A

color, surface, moisture

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10
Q

DDX for upper/nasal?

A

rhinitis ulcerosa
epistaxis: bleeding out of the nose - unilateral or bilateral
distemper? hyperkeratosis on nose and feet
canine leishmaniosis - skin
cutaneous vasculitis
discoud lupus erythematous

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11
Q

coughing examination?

A

origin? spontaneous or stimulated
frequency? rare, frequent, paroxysmal (anfallsartig)
strength? weak, medium intense, with or without snap
tone? sharp, dull, barking, rattlong, roaring, hoarse
occurence? during night, mornings, always
duration? short, medium long, held
secretion content? dry medium wet
painful or painless
deepness
localisation of origin
quality of sputum

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12
Q

coughing laryngeal origin?

A

episodical, heavy, gagging, retching, tendency to vomit
larynx paralysis: deep, long, harsh

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13
Q

coughing tracheal origin?

A

loud, explosive, barking like
tracheal collapse: goose honk

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14
Q

bronchial cough?

A

acute phase: pattern - tracheitis
chronic phase: mucus, pus, wet, rough

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15
Q

chronic bronchitis/lung emphysema?

A

short, weak, dry

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16
Q

pneumonial cough?

A

soft

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17
Q

cardiac disease cough?

A

wet, hacking cough

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18
Q

characteristics of stimulated cough?

A

intensive, medium deep. dry, sharp, painless, does not recurr

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19
Q

normal percussion sound

A

medium-large sized animal: sharp, low, non resonant, sonorous
and short percussion

small animal: sharp, high or low sonorous and long percussion sound

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20
Q

special percussion sounds:

A

metaliic, sharp high pitched
cracked, pot sound: rasping and whizzing
hollow sound: strong, long, high, tympanic or non tympanic

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21
Q

lung borders of dog:

A

ventral border of tuber coxae: 11
tuber ischii 10
point of shoulder 8

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22
Q

caudal lung borders of animal

A

13 ribs
12 back muscles
11 tuber coxae
ischiadic tuber 10
point of shoulder
8

23
Q

Displacement of the caudal border backwards and downwards can point us to?

A

alveolar and interstitial lung emphysema

24
Q

Decrease of the percussion area of the lungs can point us to?

A

abdominal distention due to : distention of stomach or intestine
enlarged liver
pregnancy
ascites
large intraabdominal tumor

25
Q

Elevation of caudoventral border of lungs points us to?

A

increase of cardiac dullness - cardiomegaly or pericardial effusion

26
Q

relative or incomplete dullness or absolute dullness can lead us to?

A

thickened thoracic wall: edema, pleural adhesion
decreased gas content of the lungs
pleural effusion caused by hydrothorax, pleuritis, haemothorax or chylothorax
atelectatic abdominal organs: full stomach, spleen, liver
atelectatic solid masses or masses filled with fluid within the thorax

27
Q

tympanic sounds can point us to?

A

atelectatic parenchyma around the normal lung
eventrated abdominal organs filled with gas
ichorous pericarditis (fluid and gas in the abdomen)
emphysema localized subcutaneously

28
Q

hollow sounds can point us to?

A

thin chest animals with severe emphysema

29
Q

metallic sounds?

A

pneumothorax, large cavern within the lung, prolapsed stomach or intestine in the thoracic cavity

30
Q

cracked pot sound?

A

if there is a cavern filled with gas and located under chest wall
smalll SC emphysema

31
Q

wheezing?

A

high pitched whistling during inspiration or expiration
- asthma

32
Q

physiological respiratory sounds

A

weak stenotic noise originated from the nose and pharynx conducted through the bronchus, lung, chest wall
weak blow noise turbulence before the tracheal bifurcation, after the bifurcation laminar spread

33
Q

ORDER of auscultation

A

first the directly audible sounds with your ears: nose, larnyx, trachea
then the indirect auscultation with your stethoscope

34
Q

brachycephalic airway syndrome??

A

stenotic nares
elongated soft palate
laryngeal collapse

35
Q

alveolar respiratory sounds: physiological

A

soft blowing soung, F sound (air sucking)

36
Q

bronchial sound

A

(laryngotracheobronchial) strong, audible, blowing sounds, H sound during ex/inspiration: above the normal larynx and trachea, lung contains less air

37
Q

bronchial like sound (tracheobronchial)

A

deeper, softer, harsher then bronchial sound f + h sound

38
Q

weaker chest sound then normal can point us to?

A

decreased airflow/conduction shallow breathing: thickened chest wall, decreased elasticity of the lung, hampered expansion of the lung

39
Q

missing chest sounds?

A

no conduction, pleural adhesion or fluid accumulation, obstruction of pr. br. atelectasia of the lung

40
Q

louder chest sounds then normal?

A

increased airflow, conduction, excercise, dyspnea, bronchitis, thin chest wall

41
Q

abnormal bronchial sounds can be classified due to?

A

during exhalation its always abnormal
during rapid respiration above narrower upper airways
when peribronchial lung tissue contains less air: bronchitis / pneumonia / pulmonary neoplasia
over air-containing cavities
doseal to the pleural fluid level
pneumothorax

42
Q

crepitation?

A

coarse crackles: hair rubbing, bronchopneumonia

43
Q

crackling?

A

like burning wood - bronchopneumonia

44
Q

rattling sounds?

A

sucking coke with a straw: moving fluid in trachea or bronchi (lung edema)

45
Q

musical ronchi

A

continuous musical sound narroed airways

46
Q

whistling?

A

high musical sound: HUIH accelerated airflow

47
Q

wheezing?

A

low musical sound fog horn: BBUUU - vibration of airway walls - COPD

48
Q

rubbing?

A

hand scratching, snow cracking, rubbing of pleural surfaces -> dry pleuritis

49
Q

splashing

A

shaking a water bottle : gas/fluid in cavities : ichorous pericarditis/pleuritis

50
Q

metallic sounds?

A

PLOM PLOM sounds: ichorous exudate in caverns: aspiration pneumonia

51
Q

early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling:

A

obstruction of bronchi that are less then 2mm in diameter (bronchopneumonia, copd)

52
Q

late inspiratory crepitation and crackling:

A

compression of bronchi >2mm in diameter: pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonia, neoplasms, pulmonary emphysema

53
Q

late inspiratory crepitation and crackling:

A

compression of bronchi >2mm in diameter: pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonia, neoplasms, pulmonary emphysema

SAM recall (8 decks)

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