Respiratory System

Question 1

what does the respiratory system consists of

Answer 1

2 lungs
trachea
pharynx
larynx
bronchi
nose

Question 2

upper respiratory system

Answer 2

nose
paranasal sinuses
nasal cavity
pharynx

Question 3

function of upper respiratory system

Answer 3

filters, warms and humidifies air
reabsorbs water and heat

Question 4

lower respiratory system

Answer 4

larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

Question 5

conducting portion vs respiratory portion

Answer 5

conducting portion is the nasal cavity to larger bronchioles (interconnecting cavities and tubes)

respiratory portion is the smallest bronchioles to alveoli where gas exchange occurs

Question 6

function of respiratory system

Answer 6

gas exchange extensive surface area
moves air to and from lungs
protects from dehydration, pathogens and temp changes
sound/voice production
smell

Question 7

respiratory defense system

Answer 7

ciliated epithelial cells- pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells have a mucus secreting layer
trap contaminants
mucus is transferred to the mouth with capillary function

Question 8

where are ciliated epithelial cells found

Answer 8

nose
pharynx
sinuses
larynx
trachea

Question 9

nose

Answer 9

consists of nasal bones (dorsum of the nose)
nasal cartilages which extend laterally from the dorsum
nostrils which are opening into the nasal cavity

Question 10

nasal septum

Answer 10

vomer
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

Question 11

paranasal sinuses

Answer 11

are paired air spaces
spaces inside bones that help air circulate, get warm and moist
amplify voice
frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

Question 12

ethmoid sinus function

Answer 12

communicate with nasal cavity by ducts

Question 13

pharynx

Answer 13

shared by respiratory and digestive system
common passageway for air and food
funnel shaped tube
posterior to nasal and oral cavities
superior to larynx
anterior to cervical vertebrae

Question 14

3 regions of pharynx

Answer 14

nasopharynx (connects nasal cavity and pharynx)
oropharynx (connects oral cavity and pharynx)
laryngopharynx (part of the pharynx that is continuous with the larynx)

Question 15

nasopharynx

Answer 15

superior part to soft palate
posterior to nasal cavity
pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
only air passes through
exchanges small amounts of air with the auditory tubes to equalise air pressure between pharynx and middle ear

Question 16

oropharynx

Answer 16

superiorly edge of soft palate
inferiorly hyoid bone
common respiratory and digestive pathway to which both air and food pass
has two pairs of tonsils palatine and lingual

Question 17

laryngopharynx

Answer 17

superior to hyoid bone
inferior end open to the oesophagus
permits passage of both food and air

Question 18

larynx

Answer 18

short cylindrical airway ends in trachea
superior to hyoid bone and ends into laryngopharynx
posterior to esophagus
conducts air
produces sounds
composed of a framework of 9 pieces of cartilage
has extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

Question 19

cartilages of larynx

Answer 19

3 paired (arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate cartilages)
3 unpaired (thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis)

Question 20

glottis

Answer 20

triangular slit opening containing between the true vocal cords
its closure helps prevent food or liquid from entering the trachea

Question 21

phonation

Answer 21

sound production from larynx
vibration of vocal cords produces sound wave

Question 22

trachea

Answer 22

tough flexible tube (starts at c6-t5 by branching into bronchi)
has 15-20 c shaped tracheal cartilages
right and left main bronchi go to lungs
right bronchus wider and steeper than left

Question 23

what are the ends of the c shaped tracheal cartilage connected by

Answer 23

elastic ligament and treachealis
contraction of trachealis narrows trachea and restricts airflow