RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

Serous membrane, its inner layer is
lined by mesothelium

Answer 1

Pleura

Question 2

Parietal pleura and visceral pleura
form

Answer 2

pleural cavity

Question 3

Provide a conduit through which air moves to and from the lungs

To condition the inspired air

Answer 3

2 main functions OF Conducting Portion

Question 4

Consists of a framework of bone and cartilage covered by connective tissue and skin

Answer 4

Nose

Question 5

Divided into 2 portions of nose

Answer 5

Vestibule
Nasal fossae

Question 6

Most anterior and most dilated
Nares is the opening

Answer 6

Vestibule

Question 7

Epithelium is stratified squamous

Answer 7

Vestibule

Question 8

A few stiff hairs called vibrissae project into the airway

Answer 8

Vestibule

Question 9

Sebaceous and sweat glands present

Answer 9

Vestibule

Question 10

2 cavernous chambers in the skull separated by the osseous nasal septum into right and left nasal cavity

Question 11

Extending from each lateral wall are 3 bony thin shelf-like or scroll-like projections CALLED

Answer 11

conchae: superior, middle, inferior

Question 12

Only the middle and inferior are lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

Answer 12

Nasal Fossae

Question 13

Superior concha is covered by

Answer 13

specialized
olfactory epithelium

Question 14

Spaces extending from the nasal cavity forming cavities in the neighboring bones
Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses

Answer 14

Paranasal Sinuses

Question 15

Sinuses serve as voice resonator and make the bones of the face lighter

Answer 15

Paranasal Sinuses

Question 16

Lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Answer 16

Paranasal Sinuses

Question 17

Designed to produce sound and to close the trachea during swallowing

Answer 17

Larynx

Question 18

Mononuclear phagocytes in the lungs
Free cells migrating over its luminal surface

Answer 18

Alveolar Macrophages

Question 19

Occupy 97% of the total alveolar surface

Answer 19

Type I alveolar cells or type I pneumocytes or squamous alveolar cells

Question 20

Commonly located near the angles between neighboring alveolar septa
Synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant

Answer 20

Type II alveolar cells or type II pneumocyte

Question 21

2 Types of Epithelium Alveoli

Answer 21

Type I alveolar cells or type I pneumocytes or squamous alveolar cells
Type II alveolar cells or type II pneumocyte

Question 22

Septa between adjacent alveoli contain a dense network of capillaries supported by collagenous and elastic fibers

Answer 22

Alveoli

Question 23

Small openings, the alveolar pores (pores of Kohn) provide communications between alveoli

Answer 23

Alveoli

Question 24

Epithelium is made up of 2 cell types

Answer 24

Alveoli

Question 25

Thin-walled saccular compartments

Answer 25

Alveoli

Question 26

Where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the blood and the inspired air

Answer 26

Alveoli

Question 27

Estimates of the number of alveoli in the 2 human lungs is 300 million

Answer 27

Alveoli

Question 28

Terminal bronchioles end in

Answer 28

Alveoli

Question 29

Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 29

alveolar ducts

Question 30

Alveoli are so numerous At the end of the duct, there are clusters of 4 or more alveoli

Answer 30

Alveolar Ducts

Question 31

Bifurcation of the terminal bronchioles gives rise to respiratory bronchioles

Answer 31

Respiratory Bronchioles

Question 32

Columnar with rounded apex, Cells with apical secretory granules Secrete proteins that protect the bronchiolar lining against oxidative pollutants and inflammation; also secrete surfactant

Answer 32

Clara cells

Question 33

Goblet cells are no longer present at the level of the bronchioles Ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells In the terminal bronchiole Epithelium also contains nonciliated cells, called Clara cells

Answer 33

Bronchioles

Question 34

The 12th to 15th generations of branching of the bronchial tree Diameter of 5 mm or less No cartilage plates in their wall No glands in the lamina propria Smooth muscle does not form a continuous circumferential layer but are seen as discrete bundles of varying orientation

Answer 34

Bronchioles

Question 35

Ciliated columnar epithelium Height of the epithelium gradually decreases along the tract, becoming sparsely ciliate cuboidal epithelium in the bronchioles and low cuboidal in the terminal bronchioles

Answer 35

Bronchial epithelium

Question 36

As cartilage in the wall diminishes, smooth muscle becomes more prominent

Answer 36

Bronchi

Question 37

Very similar to that of the trachea up to the point where they enter the lungs As it enters the lungs, the cartilage rings are replaced by cartilage plates of irregular outline Intrapulmonary bronchi are therefore cylindrical not flattened posteriorly

Answer 37

Bronchi

Question 38

Posterior wall Band of transversely oriented smooth muscles

Answer 38

Trachea

Question 39

Lined by a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells

Answer 39

Trachea

Question 40

Flexible tube about 11 cm long and 2 cm in diameter

Answer 40

Trachea

Question 41

Ventral and lateral walls Encircled by a series of 16 – 20 C-shaped hyaline cartilages

Answer 41

Trachea

Question 42

thyroid and cricoid hyaline cartilages a thin leaf of fibroelastic cartilage, the epiglottis, that projects obliquely, upward and backward, over the lumen

Answer 42

Wall is made up of LARYNX

Question 43

the upper pair are called the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) the lower pair are the vocal folds or true vocal cords

Answer 43

2 folds of the mucosa of larynx

Question 44

Anterior surface of the epiglottis and the vocal folds are covered by

Answer 44

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 45

All the rest of the lining of the larynx is

Answer 45

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium