URINARY SYSTEM

Question 1

25 – 30 mm long
Lined mainly by stratified squamous epithelium
Functions solely as urinary tract

Answer 1

Female urethra

Question 2

25 – 30 mm long
Lined mainly by stratified squamous epithelium
Functions solely as urinary tract

Answer 2

Female urethra

Question 3

Portion that runs through the prostate gland; lined by transitional epithelium

Answer 3

Prostatic urethra

Question 4

Produce urine ( excretion of the wastes and excess water as URINE )
Transported in the ureters
urinary bladder urethra

Answer 4

Function of urinary system

Question 5

A pair of bean-shaped solid organs

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

10 – 12 cm x 5 – 6 cm x 3 – 4 cm
150 gm each

Answer 6

Kidneys

Question 7

Enclosed by a thin fibrous capsule of dense collagenous CT
Interstitial CT made up of delicate reticular fibers which support the parenchyma

Answer 7

stroma

Question 8

Outer darker part of the kidney

Answer 8

Cortex

Question 9

Inner, lighter colored made up of 8 –15 conical divisions called renal pyramids

Answer 9

Medulla

Question 10

Lateral boundaries formed by inward extension of the cortex called renal column

Answer 10

Medulla

Question 11

Inner, lighter colored made up of 8 –15 conical divisions called

Answer 11

renal pyramids

Question 12

Bases of pyramids are directed towards the cortex and its apex project or fits into the lumen of a minor calyx

Answer 12

renal pyramids

Question 13

Made up of numerous (1.5-3 million) minute nephrons

Answer 13

parenchyma

Question 14

Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle (thin and thick limbs)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule

Question 15

Contains the renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and collecting tubules

Answer 15

Cortex

Question 16

Contains the renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and collecting tubules

Answer 16

Medulla

Question 17

Have very long Henle’s loop extending deep into the medulla

Answer 17

Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 18

Short thick descending limb, long thin descending and ascending limb, and thick ascending limb

Answer 18

Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 19

Very short thin descending limbs and no thin ascending limb

Answer 19

Cortical nephrons

Question 20

At the proximal end of each nephron, there is a closed thin-walled expansion of the tubule that is deeply invaginated to form a cup-shaped hallow structure called

Answer 20

Bowman’s capsule

Question 21

Double-walled cup composed of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 21

Bowman’s capsule

Question 22

giving rise to numerous secondary processes (pedicels or foot processes) that embrace the capillaries of glomerulus

Answer 22

Primary process

Question 23

interdigitate at periodic distance of 25 nm forming the filtration slits

Answer 23

🞄 Secondary processes

Question 24

Space in between the visceral and parietal is called the

Answer 24

Bowman’s

Question 25

Occupied by a globular tuft of highly convoluted capillaries, called the

Answer 25

glomerulus

Question 26

The tuft of capillaries and its surrounding cup-shaped epithelial capsule constitute the renal corpuscle

Question 27

Vascular pole Urinary pole

Answer 27

2 poles in renal corpucle

Question 28

where the afferent arteriole (where blood enters) and efferent arteriole (blood leaves glomerulus) are found ( juxtaglomerular apparatus )

Answer 28

Vascular pole

Question 29

where the proximal convoluted tubule begins

Answer 29

Urinary pole

Question 30

Endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is fenestrated In between the glomerular capillaries is occupied by mesangium, a CT consisting of mesangial cells which are phagocytic

Answer 30

Renal corpuscle

Question 31

Longest segment of the nephron which are made up of convoluted and straight portions

Answer 31

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 32

Forms the main bulk of the kidney cortex

Answer 32

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 33

Lining epithelium is simple cuboidal epithelium with brush borders Large cells with wide lumen therefore transverse section show only 3-5 spherical nuclei Apical cytoplasm has numerous canaliculi between the bases of microvilli

Answer 33

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 34

U-shaped structure consisting of Thick and thin descending limb Thin and thick ascending limb

Answer 34

HENLE'S LOOP

Question 35

Thick limbs are lined by

Answer 35

simple cuboidal

Question 36

Thin limbs by

Answer 36

simple squamous epithelium

Question 37

Lining epithelium is simple cuboidal Differ from proximal convoluted Absence of brush border No apical canaliculi Cells are flatter and smaller More nuclei are seen

Answer 37

dISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 38

Cells in close contact with afferent arteriole become modified, usually become columnar and their nuclei closely packed

Answer 38

dISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 39

Modified segment become darker in color, called macula densa

Answer 39

dISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 40

Modified segment become darker in color, called

Answer 40

macula densa

Question 41

Cells are sensitive to the ionic content and water volume which may signal the release of renin

Answer 41

dISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 42

Short segment lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 42

Membranous urethra

Question 43

Courses through the whole length of the penis to its external opening (meatus) on the glans penis; lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium but becoming stratified squamous towards the meatus

Answer 43

Penile urethra

Question 44

18 cm in length and serves as the terminal portion of both the urinary tract and the reproductive tract 3 segments Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Penile urethra

Answer 44

Male urethra

Question 45

Lined by transitional epithelium Thick muscular coat made up of 3 layers of smooth muscles

Answer 45

urinary bladder

Question 46

Funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter Divides into 2 long branches, the major calyces (calyx), and these in turn have short branches called the minor calyces

Answer 46

Renal pelvis

Question 47

Lined by transitional epithelium Muscularis mucosae and submucosa are absent Tunica muscularis is made up of anastomosing bundles of smooth muscles that are of varying orientation

Question 48

Tubule lined by simple cuboidal epithelium becoming columnar The collecting duct which open at the apex of the renal pyramid into the lumen of the minor calyx

Question 49

Adjacent to the renal corpuscle, the tunica media of afferent arteriole has modified smooth muscle cells called juxtaglomerular cells, which produce renin Juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule comprise the juxtaglomerular apparatus