RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Serves as a passageway for air to pass to and and from the lungs
A
Nose
2
Q
It filters impurities and humidifies and warms the air as it is inhaled
A
Nose
3
Q
The EXTERNAL OPENING of the nasal cavities allow air to enter the nose and pass into the nasal cavity
A
Nostrils/Nares
4
Q
A vestibule that has a hair like projections called?
A
Vibrissae
5
Q
Narrow vertical DIVIDER that separates the right and left nasal cavities
A
Nasal septum
6
Q
It forms the UPPER CHAMBER of the nasal cavities that function to increase the surface area of nasal cavities. Thus providing RAPID warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs
A
Conchae
7
Q
Air - filled extensions of the nasal cavity which are four pairs of bony cavities that are lined with nasal mucosa and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
A
Paranasal sinuses
8
Q
Serve as RESONATING CHAMBER in speech “Common site of infection”
A
Paranasal sinuses
9
Q
Pain above the eyebrow
A
Frontal sinus
10
Q
Pain in and around the eyes
A
Ethmoid sinus
11
Q
Pain around the cheeks
A
Maxillary sinus
12
Q
Pain behind the eyes
A
Sphenoid sinus
13
Q
Inflammation of sinus
A
Sinusitis
14
Q
What are the 3 causative agent of sinusitis
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influence
Moraxella Catarrhalis
15
Q
DOC of pain for sinusitis
A
Codiene
16
Q
SE of codiene
A
Drowsiness and Constipation
17
Q
Why not ASA (Aspirin)
A
May cause nasal polyps
18
Q
DOC antibiotics for sinusitis
A
Amoxicillin for 7 to 10 days
19
Q
Nasal decongestants
A
Dimetapp
Sudafed
For 24 to 72 hrs
20
Q
A tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx
A
Pharynx
21
Q
Passageway for the respiratory and digestive tracts
A
Pharynx
22
Q
S/sx of Catarrhal Syndrome
A
Coryza
Headache
Ear pain
Fever
23
Q
What is the Causative agent of fungal sinusitis
A
Candida Albicans
24
Q
Muscular box - shaped passageway posterior to the nose/ behind the nose just above the roof of mouth above the soft palate
A
Nasopharynx
25
Allows air to pass from the nose into windpipe and eventually into the lungs common site for suction cathether
Nasopharynx
26
Includes the back part of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate and the sides and walls of the throat
Oropharynx
27
Refers to the point at which the pharynx divides anteriorly into the larynx and posteriorly into the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
28
Regulates the passage of air to the lungs and food and fluid to the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
29
Opens when you speak; Closes when you eat
Epiglottis
30
Flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx
Epiglottis
31
Forms the entrance to the larynx/ covers the larynx
Epiglottis
32
Keeps food and liquid from getting into the respiratory system
Epiglottis
33
Lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat
Tonsils
34
They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the obdy
Tonsils
35
Recommended position After tonsillectomy (UNCONSCIOUS)
What is the rationale
Prone, head turn to other side with pillow under the chest
Why? To promote drainage of secretions and to prevent aspiration
36
Recommended position After tonsillectomy (AWAKE) and Rationale
Semi fowler
Why? To promote lung expansion
37
S/Sx of Hemorrhage after tonsillectomy
Restlessness
Frequent swallowing
Dec. BP
Hematemesis/Hemoptysis
Melana for 2 to 3 days
+ blood in the nape
Hypotension
Decrease Level of consciousness
38
Causative agent of tonsilitis
GABHS (Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptoccocus)
39
Why milk is contraindicated after tonsillectomy?
May cause viscosity of secretions/ mucous
40
Why we need to encourage the pt. to avoid coughing, sneezing, blowing nose for 1-2 weeks
To avoid occurrence of wound dehiscence
41
Why PTT need to rule out?
Tonsillectomy is bloody pt may prone to bleeding
42
Tonsillectomy is only allowed how many times per year?
1-3x
43
If tonsillectomy left untreated what are the possible complications?
Acute glomerulus nephrons (AGN)
Renal Failure
44
S/Sx of tonsillitis
(D E H F T)
Dysphagia
Ear pain
Halitosis
Fever
Throat discomfort when drinking hot/acidic Beverages
45
A cartilaginous epithelium - lined structure that connects the pharynx and the trachea. The major function is VOCALIZATION
Larynx
46
Protects the lower airway from foreign substances and facilities coughing
Larynx
47
Initial manifestation of LARYNGEAL CANCER
Hoarseness of voice
48
Effects of TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY
Loss of permanent voice
Loss of smell
Inability to:
B - low
S - neeze/sip from straw
W -histle
G- argle
V- alsalva maneuver
49
Composed of smooth muscle with C- shaped rings of cartilage at regular intervals.
Trachea
50
Serves as the passage between the larynx and the bronchi; allowing the passage of air
Trachea
51
It is paired elastic structures enclosed in the thoracic cage. "MAJOR ORGANS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"
Lungs
52
Right and left has?
R: 3 lobes ; L: 2 lobes
53
This organ separated by the mediastinum the area that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and many lymph node
Lungs
54
Predisposing factors of LUNG CANCER
Excess cigarette smoking
Expose to asbestos
Hereditary
55
4 WARNING SIGNS OF LUNG CANCER? PHRC
P- ersistent hacking non - persistent cough
H - emoptysis
R - usty colored sputum
C - hest pain/Arm pain
56
Late signs of LUNG CANCER WAWA
W -eakness
A- nemia
W - eight loss
A- norexia
57
Removal of lungs
Pneumonectomy
58
Recommended position for Pneumonectomy
Towards the AFFECTED SIDE
Rationale: To prevent leakage of fluid into the unaffected side
To avoid Pneumothorax
59
Why do we need to avoid full side lying?
To avoid mediastinal shift
60
Removal of Lobe
Lobectomy
61
Recommended position for Lobectomy
Towards the UNAFFECTED SIDE
Rationale: To prevent re - expansion of the affected part of the lungs
62
Inflammation of lung tissue/ Lung pharynchema
Pneumonia
63
What is the hallmark of Pneumonia
Rusty colored sputum
64
Located in the middle of the thorax, between the pleural sacs that contain the two lungs
Mediastinum
65
It extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and contains all the thoracic tissue outside the lungss
Mediastinum
66
A serous membrane that lines the lungs and wall of the thorax
Pleural
67
A type of pleura that "Covers the lungs"
Visceral
68
A type of pleura that "Lines the thorax"
Parietal
69
Serve to lubricate the thorax and lungs and permit smooth motion of the lungs within the thoracic cavity with each other
Pleura
70
Amount of fluid in the pleural space
10 -20 ml
71
Accumulation of fluid in pleural space
Pleural effusion
72
Water in pleural space
Hydrothorax
73
Blood in pleural space
Hemothorax
74
Inflammation of pleurae
Pleurisy
75
Air in pleural space
Pneumothorax
76
Accumulation of pus/purulent in the pleural cavity
Empyema
77
Removal of fluid/air from the pleural cavity
Thoracentesis
78
Recommended position DURING thoracentesis
Sitting upright, leaning forward
79
Recommended position AFTER thoracentesis
TOWARDS UNAFFACTED SIDE ; to prevent leakage of fluid to the affected side
80
The large tubes that connect to the trachea and direct the air that we breathe to the right and left lungs
Bronchi
81
The smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract that lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli
Bronchioles
82
Dilatation of bronchiole's
Bronchiectasis
83
Hallmark of Bronchiectasis
Persistent not productive cough
84
Purulent sputum is greater than
500ml/day
85
Tiny air sac that function sac as basic respiratory units
Alveoli
86
It is a type of alveolar cells that secret surfactant a phospholipid that lines the inner surface and prevents alveolar collapse
TYPE II
87
It is a type of alveolar cells that major gas exchange occurs
TYPE I
88
It is a type of alveolar cells that engulf bacteria/ ingest foreign matter and act as important defense mechanism
TYPE III
89
This test measures the amount of 2 substances that are found in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy
Lecithin Sphingomyelin Ratio
89
DOC For ARDS
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
90
Overdistention of Alveoli
Emphysema
91
Hallmark of emphysema
Barrel chest/ Inc. AP diameter
92
Safest amount of O2
1-2 L/min
93
DIET OF pt. with COPD
Inc. Protein and Vit. C
Dec. Carbs and fats
94
What electrolyte imbalance for COPD
Respiratory Acidosis
Decrease PH Increase CO2
95
Vestibule is also called
NASAL CAVITY
96
It extends from hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage
LARYNGOPHARYNX
97
Readily infects the mucous membrane of the sinus
VIRAL SINUSITIS
98
It follows after an allergic reaction
ACUTE SINUSITIS
99
Follows after 2 weeks of an upper respiratory infection
CHRONIC SINUSITIS
100
Inflammation of the tonsils
TONSILLITIS
101
If tonsillitis occurs more than 4 to 6x a year
Tonsillectomy
102
Nursing Intervention for Sore throat
WARM SALINE GARGLE
103
Nursing intervention for post tonsillectomy
-Provide Ice chips/Cold Chips
-Avoid red/dark colored beverages why? It may conceal the s/sx of Bleeding
104
Expected color of stool for few days
BALCK TARRY STOOL/MELENA
Why?
Due to the Blood that swallowed
105
It is also called as VOICE BOX
LARYNX
106
Cause of Laryngeal cancer
Excessive smoking
Exposure to asbestos
107
It is also called as the WIND PIPE
TRACHEA
108
The trachea is about how many cm or inches
11-13cm or 5-6 inches
109
It is the confinement of organs in one area or one side only due to pneumothorax
MEDIASTINAL SHIFT
110
Chest tube is not required in this procedure to prevent pneumothorax
PNEUMONECTOMY
111
In this procedure it requires Chest tube
112
Amount of fluid withdrawn during thoracentesis
Not more than 60ml
113
How many alveoli is present in the lungs that arranged in a cluster of 15 to 20
300 million
114
Normal ratio in LSR
2:1
115
This test indicates fetal lung maturity
LSR LECITHIN SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO
116
A disease that causes lung immaturity
ARDS
