Respiratory System Flashcards
(28 cards)
What does RAS stand for?
Reticular activating system
What are the muscles that contract simultaneously with the diaphragm during quiet inspiration called?
External intercostals
Is the trachea part of the upper respiratory system?
No
Which structure prevents foor or water from entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
- regulate blood pH
- produce chemical mediators
- sound production
- olfactory sensations
- protection
- provide oxygen and expel carbon dioxide
What are the four phases involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between atmosphere and body cells?
- pulmonary ventilation
- external respiration
- transport of gases
- internal respiration
Whay happens during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts, pulls down and flattens and external intercostal muscles contract and pull rib cage up and outwards, expanding lung volume
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm recoils and returns to a dome shape, and intercostal muscles relax, moving the rib cage down and inwards, decreasing lung volume
What areas are involved in the neural control of respiration?
The medulla and pons
How does the medulla control the respiratory system?
Contains x2 respiratory centres; one containing inspiratory and expiratory neurons (alternately send impulses to regulate rhythm to stimulate/inhibit phrenic/intercostal nerves); one reacts to sensory info from chemoreceptors and peripheral stretch receptors
How does the pons control the respiratory system?
Send signals to medulla to slow breathing and lengthen inspiration
Following spinal shock, what effects can be caused by a sudden loss of sympathetic output that maintains vascular tone?
Peripheral vasodilation, hypotension, and venous pooling
What is a waste product of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide
How does oxygen get to cells in your body for respiration?
Oxygen is breathed in from air around you, and diffuses into the blood in your lungs. Heart then pumps the blood around the body to the body cells
Name 3 body responses to exercise and explain why they happen.
Increase in heart rate (to increase blood flow), increase in breathing rate (to increase oxygen levels), glycogen stores in muscles are converted to glucose for respiration
How can you tell if someone is fitter from their breathing rate and heart rate?
Resting heart and breathing rate will be lower if they’re fitter. The less your heart rate and breathing rate increase during exercise means the fitter you are. The quicker your breathing and heart rate returns to normal after exercise, the fitter you are.
When does anaerobic respiration take place?
When the blood can’t supply oxygen to the muscles fast enough
What happens to glucose in anaerobic respiration?
Glucose isn’t completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water so lactic acid is made instead, as there isn’t enough oxygen.
Which release more energy (more efficient): anaerobic or aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is more efficient
How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?
Less energy is released and glucose isn’t completely broken down I.e. lactic acid is made rather than carbon dioxide and water
Where does lactic acid accumulate and what does it cause?
Lactic acid accumulates in the muscles and causes mucle pain and fatigue
What is the correct sequence of organs of the respiratory passageway?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles
What is the gas called that haemoglobin returns from the body to the lungs to be exhaled?
Carbon dioxide
