Respiratory System

Question 1

Major functions of the respiratory system are

Answer 1

Supplying body with O2 and eliminating CO2

Question 2

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) is

Answer 2

The movement of air into & out of the lungs

Question 3

External respiration is

Answer 3

exchange of O2 & Intake & CO2 between lungs & blood respiratory gases (the movement of gases)

Question 4

The respiratory system is closely linked with

Answer 4

The circulatory system

Question 5

The major organs of the upper respiratory tract are

Answer 5

Nose, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

Question 6

Marjor organs of the lower respiratory tract are

Answer 6

larynx, trachea, bronchi and branches, lungs and alveoli

Question 7

Functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses

Answer 7

airway for respiration; moistens, warms, filters, and cleans incoming air; resonance chamber for speech; location of olfactory receptors

Question 8

Contains the nostrils

Answer 8

External nose

Question 9

Divided by the nasal septum and ends at the posterior nasal aperture

Answer 9

Nasal cavity

Question 10

Part of nose and paranasal sinuses: contains sebaceous sweat glands and hairs to help with filtering

Answer 10

Nasal vestibule (anterior nasal cavity)

Question 11

Part of nose and paranasal sinuses: contains 2 types of mucous membranes: olfactory mucosa (olfactory receptors) and respiratory mucosa (goblet cells)

Answer 11

Posterior nasal cavity

Question 12

Part of nose and paranasal sinuses: contains mucosal surface area to filter, heat and moisten air

Answer 12

Nasal conchae

Question 13

Part of nose and paranasal sinuses: surround nasal cavity; lighten skull, warm and moisten air, produce mucous

Answer 13

Paranasal sinuses

Question 14

Air passageway; contains pharyngeal tonsil to trap and destroy pathogens; opens to auditory tube to equalize pressure in ear

Answer 14

Nasopharynx

Question 15

Air and food passageway; extends from soft palate to epiglottis

Answer 15

Oropharynx

Question 16

Air and food passageway; directly posterior to epiglottis; continuous wit esophagus

Answer 16

Laryngopharynx

Question 17

Functions of the larynx

Answer 17

Open airway, routes food and air into proper passageways, produces sound via vocal folds/cords

Question 18

Elastic cartilage of the larynx that closes during swallowing

Answer 18

Epiglottis (+ 8 hyaline cartilages)

Question 19

Vibrate as air passes over to produce sound

Answer 19

Vocal cords

Question 20

Vocal folds and the medial space between them

Answer 20

Glottis

Question 21

Voice is produced via

Answer 21

Intermittent release of expired air and opening/closing of glottis

Question 22

Pitch varies with

Answer 22

Length and tension of vocal folds

Question 23

Higher tension means

Answer 23

Higher pitch

Question 24

Loudness is determined by

Answer 24

Force of air

Question 25

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 25

Glottis closes to prevent exhalation and abdominal muscles contract, causing intrabdominal pressure to rise

Question 26

Trachea wall consists of

Answer 26

Mucosa, submucosa, adventitia

Question 27

Epithelium of trachea wall is

Answer 27

Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar to propel mucus upwards to pharynx

Question 28

Trachea is composed of which cartilage

Answer 28

Hyaline: supports and allows the esophagus to expand during swallowing

Question 29

Function of the trachealis

Answer 29

Smooth muscle that compresses the trachea to help force air out of lungs

Question 30

Conducting zone

Answer 30

Air transport pathways with no gas exchange

Question 31

Primary bronchi enter

Answer 31

Each lung

Question 32

Secondary bronchi enter

Answer 32

Each lobe of the lungs

Question 33

Tertiary bronchi enter

Answer 33

Segments of the lobes of each lung

Question 34

Final subdivision of bronchi

Answer 34

Bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

Question 35

Structural changes as the airway becomes smaller are

Answer 35

- Decrease in supportive cartilage until absence in bronchioles - change in mucosal epithelium from pseudostratified columnar to simple columnar to simple cuboidal - increase in smooth muscle to alter resistance to airflow in bronchioles

Question 36

Respiratory zone is where

Answer 36

Gas exchange occurs

Question 37

Order of branches of the respiratory zone

Answer 37

terminal bronchioles feed into respiratory bronchioles → alveolar ducts → alveolar sacs that consist of alveoli

Question 38

Alveolar cell that is a single layer of squamous epithelium and forms part of respiratory membrane

Answer 38

Type I alveolar cell

Question 39

Alveolar cell that is cuboidal and interspersed among type I cells; secretes surfactant to reduce surface tension in lungs

Answer 39

Type II alveolar cell

Question 40

Alveolar cell that phagocytoses any foreign particles that get in

Answer 40

Alveolar macrophages

Question 41

Alveolar cell that allows airflow between adjacent alveoli get rid of debris in alveoli

Answer 41

Alveolar pores

Question 42

Respiratory membrane is formed by

Answer 42

Capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium

Question 43

Alveoli are covered in dense web of

Answer 43

Pulmonary capillaries

Question 44

Respiratory membrane is the site of

Answer 44

Gas exchange

Question 45

Number of lobes in left lung

Answer 45

2 lobes (smaller for room for heart)

Question 46

Number of lobes in right lung

Answer 46

3 lobes

Question 47

Lung tissue is mostly air space with stroma “tissue” composed of

Answer 47

Elastic connective tissue

Question 48

Pulmonary circulation carries

Answer 48

deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated & brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 49

Bronchial circulation provides

Answer 49

oxygenated blood to the lung tissue (originating from aorta)

Question 50

Bronchoconstriction is induced by the

Answer 50

Parasympathetic system

Question 51

Bronchodilation is induced by the

Answer 51

Sympathetic system

Question 52

Visceral sensory fibres provide

Answer 52

Information about the lungs to the brain

Question 53

Visceral pleura

Answer 53

covers the external lung surface

Question 54

Parietal pleura

Answer 54

covers the thoracic wall, diaphragm & around heart between the lungs