Respiratory System Flashcards
(45 cards)
1
Q
What are the structures and their functions of the respiratory system
A
- nose/nasal cavity: cleans, warms, humidifies chamber for air
- pharynx: throat→passage for food/air
- larynx: voice box→keep airway open
- trachea: windpipe→air-cleaner/funnel for each lung
- bronchi: tubes for airflow to lungs
- lungs: air tubes/sacs→gas exchange btwn air & blood
2
Q
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
A
- breathing→pulmonary ventilation
- gas exchange
-Pulmonary (lungs & blood)
- tissue (blood & cells) - blood pH regulation
- creation of ACE
- voice/sound production
- olfaction (smell)
- protection (against microorganisms)
3
Q
What are the two parts of the respiratory tract & structures?
A
- upper respiratory tract
- nose→larynx - lower respiratory tract
- trachea→alveoli
4
Q
What is the conducting zone?
A
- structures from nose→small air tubes in lungs
- ONLY pulmonary ventilation
5
Q
What is the respiratory zone?
A
- ONLY lungs, small air tubes, alveoli
- location for gas exchange
6
Q
What are the 4 processes involved in gas exchanged btwn air and blood?
A
- pulmonary ventilation
- pulmonary gas exchange
- gas transport
- tissue gas exchange
7
Q
What is pulmonary ventilation?
A
- breathing
- air move in/out of respiratory halls
8
Q
What is pulmonary gas exchange?
A
- movement of O2 out of alveoli→blood
- movement of CO2 out of blood→alveoli
9
Q
What is gas transport?
A
- CO2 & O2 travel in blood to/from cells
10
Q
What is tissue gas exchange?
A
- exit of O2 from blood→cells
- exit of CO2 from cells→blood
11
Q
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
A
- passage for air
- olfactory (smell)
- cleans air
- humidifies/warms air
- voice sound
12
Q
What is the purpose of the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity?
A
- to warm/humidify inspired (inhaled) air
13
Q
What are the regions of the pharynx?
A
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
14
Q
What is the function of nasopharynx?
A
- mucous membrane cleans air (traps microbes)
- uvula → moves food to back of throat
- tonsils → fight against infection
- connect to auditory tubes→pressure balance
15
Q
What are the 2 types of ligaments in the larynx?
A
- vestibular folds
- vocal folds
16
Q
What are the functions of the Larynx?
A
- voice/sound production
17
Q
Vestibular folds, the glottis, and vocal folds are located in the ______ & help with __________.
A
- Laynrx; sound/voice production
18
Q
What is the function of the trachea?
A
- windpipe→air flow to lungs
- has tracheal rings: 15-20 c-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
19
Q
What is the purpose for tracheal rings and where are they located?
A
- purpose: support trachea/prevent from collapsing
- trachea (15-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage)
20
Q
What muscle can narrow the diameter of trachea when contracting?
A
Trachealis muscle
- used during coughing (get rid of muscus/foreign objects)
21
Q
What is the function of bronchi?
A
- tubes for airflow→lungs
- carina: sensitive cartilage
→cough reflex
22
Q
What are the components to the Trachiobronchial Tree?
A
- trachea
- R. & L. main bronchus
- secondary/lobar bronchi
- tertiary/segmental bronchi
- bronchioles→ciliated
- terminal bronchioles→ciliated
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli
- alveolar sacs
23
Q
Which occurs during an asthma attack; bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation
A
- bronchoconstriction
- diameter decreases
- resistance increases
→albuterol: relaxes smooth muscle
24
Q
What is the function of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs?
A
- site of gas exchange
- air & blood in-contact
25
Is the right or left lung larger?
Right lung
26
Does the R. or L. lung have three lobes?
Right lung (3 lobes)
27
Does the R. or L. lung have two lobes?
Left lung (2 lobes)
28
Blood that has picked up O2 is _______ blood.
a. deoxygenated
b. oxygenated
b. oxygenated
29
Blood that has passed through tissues and released O2 is ________ blood.
a. deoxygenated
b. oxygenated
a. deoxygenated
30
What are the two blood flow routes to the lungs?
1. blood→alveoli
2. blood→tissues in bronchial tree
31
What is the route of deoxygenated blood flow to the alveoli?
1. pulmonary arteries→pulmonary capillaries
- blood oxygenated in capillaries
2. pulmonary capillaries→pulmonary veins
3. pulmonary veins→heart
32
What is the flow of oxygenated blood to the alveoli?
1. tissues of bronchi→respiratory bronchioles
2. respiratory bronchioles→thoracic aorta
3. thoracic aorta→bronchial arteries
4. bronchial arteries→bronchial capillaries
5. bronchial capillaries→O2 release
6. deoxygenated blood in bronchi→little bit to heart w oxygenated blood
33
Constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles
a. Restricts the flow of air into the lungs
b. Increases airflow out of lungs
c. Does not affect airflow
d. Decreased ciliary action
e. Occurs during periods of exercise
a. restricts the flow of air into the lungs
34
The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because
a. Large masses of air can pass through trachea
b. It facilitates during turning of head
c. Bronchi are also c-shaped
d. Permits trachea to pinch shut prior to sneezing
e. Large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing
e. large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing
35
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
a. Less than intrapulmonic pressure
b. Less than pressure in atmosphere
c. Greater than pressure in atmosphere
d. Greater than intra alveolar pressure
e. Equal to pressure in atmosphere
c. greater than pressure in atmosphere
36
The epithelium NOT FOUND in respiratory system is
a. Stratified squamous epithelium
b. Simple squamous epithelium
c. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
d. Ciliated squamous epithelium
d. ciliated squamous epithelium
37
Select all muscles that increase volume of thorax during forced inhalation?
a. Diaphragm
b. Internal intercostals
c. Sternocleidomastoids
d. External intercostals
e. Rectus abdominis
a, c, d
38
When inspiratory muscles contract
a. The alveolar pressure increases
b. Thoracic volume decreases
c. Expiration occurs
d. Intrapleural pressure increases
e. Thoracic volume increases
e. Thoracic volume increases
39
Select all answers true of alveoli
a. Are ciliated
b. Composed of simple squamous epithelium
c. Surrounded by cartilage
d. Made of type II pneumocytes
e. Contain several layers of smooth muscle
f. Contain goblet cells
b, d
40
During quiet breathing
a. Inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive
b. Inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions
c. Only the internal intercostal muscles contract
d. Inspiration and expiration are both passive
e. Inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions
a. Inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive
41
Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, humidified by the
a. Alveoli
b. Lungs
c. Upper respiratory tract
d. Bronchioles
c. Upper respiratory tract
42
In which direction does carbon dioxide move during external respiration?
blood vessels to lungs
43
What is the function of soft palate?
a. Prevent food from entering the nasopharynx
b. Cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
c. Improve warming of air
d. Help olfaction
e. Prevent food from entering larynx
a. Prevent food from entering the nasopharynx
44
Carbon dioxide exchange between blood and skeletal muscle can occur through the process of _______.
a. Cellular respiration
b. External respiration
c. Internal respiration
d. Pulmonary ventilation
e. Breathing
c. Internal respiration
45
