Respiratory System Flashcards
(46 cards)
respiratory system components
- conduits for air passage
- muscle and CT for movement of gases
- gas exchange tissues
respiratory system function
conduction of air
- conditioning of air
- gas exchange
- host defense
inspiration
- lung inflates and has neg pressure
- active at rest through contraction of external intercostals and diaphragm
expiration
- deflates lung and pressure becomes pos
- passive at rest through the elastic recoil properties of the connective tissue in the lungs and chest wall
air conditioning
- inspired air is filtered to prevent entry of pathogens or irritants
- inspired air is warmed and humidified to promote gas exchange and to prevent tissue damage due to cold air or desiccation
gas exchange
- highly specialized epithelia
- maximize SA
- minimize diffusion distance
respiratory epithelia
- conduction portion is pseudostratified columnar with cilia-extend to apical lumen
- gas exchange is simple squamous
respiratory epithelia 2
- ciliated psuedostratified columnar cells to apical lumen
- mucous goblet cells-to apical lumen
- brush cells-sensory receptors-to lumen-have micro-vili not cilia
- basal cells regenerate
- granule cells are neuroendocrine
mucociliary elevator
- coordinated beating of cilia toward exit
- particles trapped in mucous floating on aq layer
- cilia deeper in resp tract that goblet cells to prevent retrograde cells
kartagener syndrome
- dynein dysfunction
- no ciliary beating
- resp infections
conducting portion
- nasal cavity
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles-regular and terminal
nasal cavity-vestibule
- transition from keritinized to resp epithelium
- sebaceous and sweat glands
- vibrissae for filtration
nasal cavity-fossae
- chambers in skull separated by septum
- 3 conchae-bony projections covered with epithelium
- 3 meati-spaces between conchae
nasal meati and conchae
- dense venous plexus-warmth and humidity
- inferior and middle-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- superior has olfactory epithelium
countercurrent exchange
- blood gives heat and goes toward cold
- air gains heat and goes to hot
- heat exchange the whole time
olfactory epithelium
- 10 sq cm of supperior conchae
- supporting cells
- olfactory cells
supporting cells of olfactory epi
microvilli not cilia, apical nuclei
olfactory cells
-bipolar neurons, basal nuclei
basal cells in olfactory epi
-basal cells, regenerative cells, basal layer
paranasal sinus
- chambers in bones of skull lined with respiratory epithelium
- connected to nasal cavity via small passages
larynx
- connects pharynx and trachea
- epiglottis prevents food entering trachea
- vocal cords permit phonation
- vestibular fold
- true vocal fold
vestibular fold
- false vocal cord
- respiratory epithelium
- serous glands in the lamina propria
- lie superior to vocal cords
- no dense ligaments or skeletal muscle
true vocal cords
- phonation
- vocal ligament-fibroelastic
- vocalis muscle-skeletal
- stratified squamous epithelium-abrasion resistance
laryngeal cartilage
- thyroid
- cricoid
- subject to calcification