Respiratory system

Question 1

major components of the air passageway system

Answer 1

-nasal cavities with associated paranasal sinuses
-nasopharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchi
-smaller and smaller divisions of bronchial tree leading to alveoli

Question 2

what does the paranasal sinus epithelium produce

Answer 2

nitric oxide which upon reaching the lungs, stimulates vasodilation and enhances pulmonary oxygen uptake

Question 3

epithelia of the rostral third of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

epithelia of caudal two-thirds of nasal cavity

Answer 4

nasopharynx, larynx trachea, and bronchi lined by respiratory epithelium

Question 5

epithelia of respratory

Answer 5

-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
-except caudal dorsal part of nasal cavity and cranial part of larynx
-some surfaces of ethmoidal conchae dorsal nasal meatus, and nasal septum lined by olfactory epithelium
-olfactory epithelium=ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with neurosensory olfactory cells specialized for oder detection

Question 6

epithelia of epiglottis, laryngeal vestibule, and vocal folds

Answer 6

-lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

epithelia of bronchioles

Answer 7

lined by simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium

Question 8

epithelia of alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli

Answer 8

lined by simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

pharynx

Answer 9

-musculomembranous crossway between nasal and oral cavities and larynx and esophagus

Question 10

parts of the pharynx

Answer 10

-oropharynx
-intrapharyngeal
-laryngopharynx

Question 11

larynx

Answer 11

-musculocartlaginous tube connecting pharynx and trachea
-5 cartilages: epiglottic, paired arytenoid, thyroid, and cricoid
-many muscles (both extrinsic and intrinsic)
-connected to skull by hyoid apparatus
-organ of voice (vestibular and vocal folds)
-prevents food and liquid form entering trachea

Question 12

trachea

Answer 12

-semi-flexible, semi-collapsible tube commonly called windpipe
-extends form larynx to its bifurcation into right and left principal bronchi
-C-shaped cartilaginous rings linked by fibroelastic annular ligaments
-smooth trachealis muscle links open ends of tracheal cartlages

Question 13

bronchi

Answer 13

-histological appearance similar to trachea
-cartilaginous plates arranged in rings

Question 14

bronchioles and alveoli

Answer 14

-bronchioles
-less than 1mm in diameter
-no cartilage

-alveoli
-less then 0.5mm in diameter
-no cartilage
-the basic unit for gas exchange is alveolus

Question 15

what comprises of most of the lung tissue

Answer 15

the parenchyma which is respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli comprises about 85% of lung tissue

Question 16

acini and lobules

Answer 16

-(acini)?
-less than 1 mm in diameter
-no cartilage

-(lobules)?
-less them 0.5mm
-no cartilage

Question 17

what is acinus

Answer 17

all of the air spaces distal to a singular terminal bronchiole

Question 18

what is a lobule

Answer 18

a cluster of acini separated form other clusters by connective tissue septa

Question 19

well-lobulated lungs

Answer 19

cattle, pigs

Question 20

poorly lobulated lungs

Answer 20

goats, sheep, horses

Question 21

no lung lobules

Answer 21

cats, dogs

Question 22

visceral (pulmonary) pleura

Answer 22

-serous membrane that covers each lung
-mesothelium supported by dense irregular connective tissue
-simple squamous and cuboidal epithelium
-continuous with parietal pleura but separated from it by pleural cavity

Question 23

parietal pleura

Answer 23

-serous membrane that lines walls of each pleural cavity
-mesothelium supported by loose connective tissue
-simple squamous and cuboidal epithelium

Question 24

layers of pleura

Answer 24

-visceral and pariental
-enclose the fluid filled pleural cavity
-a pleural cavity surrounds each lung but the lung is not in the cavity
-only thing in each pleural cavity is a little bit of serous fluid