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respiratory system Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

what are the functions of the respiratory system

A

gas exchange
regulate blood ph
smell
filters and warms inhaled air
voice production
excreates small amounts of water and heat

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2
Q

what are the 3 cavities of the respiratory system

A

nasal
oral
thoracic

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3
Q

what is in the thoracic cavity

A

lungs
heart
thymus gland

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4
Q

how is the thoracic cavity seperated from the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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5
Q

what is the mediastinum and what does it contain

A

the area between the lungs
contains:
heart
aorta, SVC, IVC
trachea
Esophagus
thymus

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6
Q

what are the 3 cavities within the thoracic cavity

A

1 pericardial cavity
2 pleural cavities

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7
Q

what is the pericardial cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal layers around the heart

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8
Q

what is a pleural cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal layers around lungs

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9
Q

what is a pleura

A

double walled serous membrane

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10
Q

what is the outer part of the pleura called and what does it line

A

parietal pleurs
lines the superior portion of diaphragm and chest wall

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11
Q

what is the inner part of the pleura called and what does it line

A

visceral pleura
lines the surface of the lungs

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12
Q

what are the parts of the respiratory system

A

nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

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13
Q

how can you classify the respiratory system

A

structurally and functionally

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14
Q

what are the structural classifications of the respiratory system

A

upper respiratory
- nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
lower repiratory
- larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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15
Q

what are the functional classifications

A

conduction zone
respiratory zone

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16
Q

what is the function and parts of the conducting zone

A

connecting cavities and tube
- nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
filters warm and moistens air to and from lungs

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17
Q

what are the functions and parts of the repiratory zone

A

where gas exchange occurs
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

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18
Q

what are the functions of the nasal cavity

A

warm, filter, moisten incoming air
detect olfactory stimuli

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19
Q

what are the regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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20
Q

where is the nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity

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21
Q

what are the parts of the nasopharynx

A

2 eustachian tubes (auditoy tubes)
1 pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid

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22
Q

where is the oropharynx

A

extends from the soft palate to thee hyoid bone

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23
Q

what functions do the oropharynx have

A

digestive - passageway for food
respiratory - passageway for air

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24
Q

what tonsils are in the oropharynx

A

lingual and palatine

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25
where is the laryngopharynx
hyoid to esophagus
26
where is the larynx (voice
connects laryngopharynx to trachea anterior to esophagus from C4-C6
27
what makes up the larynx
9 cartilages - thyroid - cricoid - elastic
28
what is the thyroid cartilage of the larynx where
adams apple landmark for C5 connected to hyoid bone
29
what does the cricoid cartilage of the larynx for and what is it attached to
forms inferior wall attached to trachea (C6)
30
what forms the epiglottis
leaf shaped elastic cartilage
31
what is the glottis
pair of folds of a mucus membrane has vestibular folds (false vocal cords) and vocal cords
32
which folds of the glottis are superior
vestibular
33
where is the trachea
C6-T5 (carina) anterior to esophagus
34
what forms the trachea
16-20 c shaped cartilages stached on top of one another opens posteriorly
35
where does the trachea split into the bronchi
at the carina
36
which bronchi is more vertical, shorter, and wider
right main stem
37
what are all the parts of the bronchia tree
main stem bronchi lobar bronchi (secondary) segmental bronchi (tertiary) bronchioles terminal bronchiales - lung lobule --respiratory bronchioles
38
how many lobar and sgmental bronchi do the right and left lungs have
right - 3 lobar - 10 segmental left - 2 lobar bronchi - 10 segmental
39
what are in the lung lobules
lymphatic vessels arteriole venule branch from terminal bronchiole
40
what kind of cells are in the alveoli
type 1 and 2
41
what is the main purpose of type 1 cells
main site of gas exchange
42
what is the purpose of type 2 cells
secrete surfactant - lowers surface tension reduces tendancy of collapse
43
what is lung tissue called
lung parenchyma
44
what is the top portion of the lungs called
apex or apices
45
where do the lung apices start
T1 so make sure in images vertabra prominens is in light
46
what is the bottom portion of the lungs called
bases
47
how do the bases of the lung sit
rest on diaphragm extened lower posteriorly and laterally
48
what is the outermost lower corner of the lungs called
costophrenic angles
49
what is the root of the lung
hilum
50
what is the cardiac notch
only on the left lung where the heart sits
51
what part of which rib do you need to see to know its full inspiration
posterior portion of 10th rib above diaphragm
52
what are the lobes of the right lung
upper, middle and lower
53
what are the fissures of the right lung and what lobes are they between
horizontal fissure - upper and middle oblique fissure- middle and lower
54
what are the lobes of the left lung
upper and lower
55
what are the fissures of the left lung and which lobes do they seperate
oblique - upper and lower
56
what is the role of the right and left pulmonary arteries
carry DEOXYGENATED blood from right side of heart to cappilaries surrounding alveoli
57
what is the role of bronchial arteries
carry OXYGENATED blood to supply muscular walls of bronchi and bronchioles
58
what is the role of the pulmonary veins
carry OXYGENATED blood from capilaries surrounding alveoli back to left side of the heart
59
what are the 3 processes of gas exchange
pulmonary ventilation external/pulmonary respiration internal/tissue respiation
60
what is the process of pulmonary ventilation
exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli inspiration and exhalation
61
what is the process of external/pulmonary respiration
exchange of gases between alveoli and surrounding capilaries
62
what is the process of internal of tissue respiration
exchange of gases between blood in systematic capillaries and tissues
63
when is the pressure inside the lungs equal to the atmosphere
between breaths
64
what does the pressure inside the lungs need to be during inspiration
less than atmosphere
65
describe the process of inspiration
diaphragm muscles contract (75% of the air entering lung) External intercostal muscles contract elevating the ribs (25% of air entering lungs) increase volume of lungs and decrease pressure (boyles law)
66
decribe the process of normal expiration
during quiet breathing is passive process no energy elastic recoil relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostals
67
describe the process of forced expiration
like playing a wind instrument active process contraction of the abdominal muscles and internal intercostals aid
68
where is the respiratory center
brain stem (pons and medulla)
69
what is the function of the respiratory center
monitors and controls the repiratory rate by stimulating muscle contraction
70
what is boyles law
P=1/V as volume increases pressure decreases
71
what is daltons law
patrial pressures of O2 and CO2 determine their movement - from higher to lower partial pressure

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