vertabrae and bony thorax

Question 1

how many vertabrae are in a child comapred to adult

Answer 1

33 and 26

Question 2

in an adult how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertabrae

Answer 2

7, 12, 5

Question 3

what are the types of curves in the spine

Answer 3

(primary) cerical and lumbar - lordotic curve
(secondary) thoraic and sacrum/coccyx - kyphodic

Question 4

why does the vertabrae have different curves

Answer 4

increase strangth of vertabral collum
helps maintain balance
helps absorb shock
protects from fractures

Question 5

what are the abnormal curves of the spine

Answer 5

kyphosis- only in thoracic region, exageration of normal curve
lordosis - cervical and lumbar, exageration of normal curve
scoliosis- rotation of vertabrae, lateral curves

Question 6

what are the parts of a typical veratbrae

Answer 6

vertabral body
vertabral arch
- 2 pedicles and 2 lamina
- 7 processes come off of it
- 2 superior and inferior articular processes
- 2 transverse processes (where pedicle and
lamina meet)
- spinous process
vertabral formaina

Question 7

what are the typical vertabral joints

Answer 7

intervertabral discs
zygopophyseal joints

Question 8

what and how are the zygopophyseal joints formed

Answer 8

articulation between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertabrae
(also called facet joints)

Question 9

what are the outer and inner parts of the intervertabral discs

Answer 9

nucleus pulpous
- inside
annulus fibrous
- outside

Question 10

what are the cervical vertabrae which are typical or atypical

Answer 10

C1- atlas
C2-axis
C7- vertabral prominens
C1,2,7 are atypical
C3-6 are typical

Question 11

which vertabrae has no body

Answer 11

atlas C1

Question 12

how do the size of the cervical vertabrae bodies change

Answer 12

increase from c2-c7

Question 13

which vertabrae have the largest foramina

Answer 13

cervical

Question 14

whats different about the spinous processes of C2-C6

Answer 14

bifid and short

Question 15

what do the transverse processes of the cervical vertabrae have that the others dont

Answer 15

transverse foramen

Question 16

what is between the superior and inferior processes of the same vertabrae

Answer 16

articular pillars

Question 17

describe C1

Answer 17

atlas
no body or spinous process
superior articular process forms the atlanto-occipital joint

Question 18

describe C2

Answer 18

axis
odontoid process or dens
blunt spinous process
rotation to say “no” - atlanto-axial joint

Question 19

describe C7

Answer 19

vertebra prominens
external landmark
long non bifid spinous process

Question 20

how do the vertabral bodies of the thoracic vertabrae change

Answer 20

increase in body size from T1-T12

Question 21

which of the thoracic vertabrae resemble cervical ones

Answer 21

upper bodies (T1-4)

Question 22

which of the thoracic vertebrae resemble the lumbar ones

Answer 22

lower bodies (T9-12)

Question 23

describe the spinous process of the thoracic vertabrae

Answer 23

long and project inferiorly

Question 24

describe the transverse process of the thoracic vertabrae

Answer 24

large and are at the junction of the pedicle and lamina

Question 25

what is a distingushing factor of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 25

facets for articulations with ribs

Question 26

what are the articulations with the ribs called

Answer 26

costovertebral joints

Question 27

describe the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 27

the largest of all the vertebrae L5 being the largest deeper anteriorly compared to laterally concave anteriorly and laterally

Question 28

describe the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 28

thick blunt and project horizontally

Question 29

describe the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 29

smaller compared to thoracic

Question 30

where does the spinal cord end

Answer 30

the disc between L1 and L2

Question 31

describe the pars interarticularis

Answer 31

part of lamina between superior and inferior articular processes neck of the scotty dog on oblique lumbar spine images

Question 32

what is spondylolysis

Answer 32

a fracture to the pars interarticularis

Question 33

what is spondylolisthesis

Answer 33

fracture of both pars interarticularis vertebrae slips

Question 34

what are all the parts of the scotty dog and what do they represent

Answer 34

ear- superior articular process nose- transverse process eye- pedicle neck- pars interarticularis leg- inferior articular process

Question 35

what way does the scotty dog face in an LPO

Answer 35

left

Question 36

what forms the intervertabral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 36

superior and inferior vertebral notch

Question 37

describe the sacrum (5 things)

Answer 37

triangular shaped bone base is superior apex is inferior 5 fused vertabrae concave curve anteriorly (females have greater curve)

Question 38

what are the 3 parts of the base of the sacrum

Answer 38

sacral ala sacral promontory 2 superior articular processes

Question 39

what forms the scral ala

Answer 39

fused transverse process of S1

Question 40

what forms the SI joint

Answer 40

auricular surface on lateral edge of sacrum with auricular surface of illium

Question 41

what can you see on a posterior view of the sacrum

Answer 41

median sacral crest lateral sacral crest sacral foramina scaral hiatus sacral cornu

Question 41

what does the apex of the sacrum articulate with

Answer 41

coccyx

Question 41

what do the superior articular processes of the sacrum articulate with

Answer 41

the inferior articular processes of L5

Question 42

what is the sacral hiatus

Answer 42

the lamina of S% that fail to meet in the middle

Question 43

where is the sacral cornu

Answer 43

adjancent to the sacral hiatus inferior to articular process of S5

Question 44

what make the median sacral crest

Answer 44

fused spinous processes

Question 45

what makes the lateral sacral crest

Answer 45

fused transverse processes

Question 46

describe the coccyx

Answer 46

triangular base is superior and articulates with the sacrum apex is inferior, at level of pubic symphysis 4 rudementary vertabrae fused forms later in life 20-30

Question 47

what forms the thoracic cage

Answer 47

thoracic vertabrae ribs sternum

Question 48

what is the purpose of the thoracic cage

Answer 48

encloses and protects the organs and vessels in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities

Question 49

describe the sternum

Answer 49

flat bone (red bone marrow) anterior connection for ribs made of manubrium, body and xiphoid process

Question 50

describe the manubrium

Answer 50

jugular notch, disc space between T2 and T3 clavicular notch first rib attaches just below SC joint sternal angle is the junction between manubrium and body

Question 51

describe body of sternum

Answer 51

the sternal angle - 2nd rib attachment - disc space between T4 and T5 ribs 3-7 attach directly to body

Question 52

describe xiphoid process

Answer 52

good landmark for bottom of heart or diaphragm T10