Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

To transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body’s cells.

Question 2

What are the two main processes involved in respiration?

Answer 2

• Breathing (inhaling and exhaling)
• Ventilation (gas exchange in the lungs)

Question 3

List the structures of the respiratory system. (12)

Answer 3

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Left bronchus
• Right bronchus
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Left lung
• Right lung
• Diaphragm

Question 4

What is the trachea?

Answer 4

The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs.

Question 5

True or False: The respiratory system works independently of the circulatory system.

Answer 5

False.

Question 6

What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

Answer 6

It aids in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The process of bringing oxygen into the lungs is known as _______.

Answer 7

Breathing.

Question 8

What is the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

They work interdependently to facilitate gas exchange and transport.

Question 9

Define ventilation.

Answer 9

The exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs.

Question 10

What are alveoli?

Answer 10

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

Question 11

What is diffusion in the context of the respiratory system?

Answer 11

The passive transport of gases across the alveolar wall.

Question 12

What are bronchioles?

Answer 12

Small branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli.

Question 13

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 13

The area between the lungs that contains the heart.

Question 14

What substance is found in the pleural space?

Answer 14

Pleural fluid.

Question 15

Gpt
What is the first division of the trachea, and where does the air go from there?

Answer 15

The trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. Air in the right bronchus goes to the right lung, and air in the left bronchus goes to the left lung.

Question 16

GPT

What are bronchioles, and what do they lead to?

Answer 16

Bronchioles are smaller tubes subdivided from the bronchi. They terminate in alveoli, which are thin-walled structures resembling grape clusters.

Question 17

GPT

What is the function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

Answer 17

Alveoli are the sites of gas exchange, where oxygen is absorbed, and carbon dioxide is released.

Question 18

Gpt

What is surfactant, and what is its role in the lungs?

Answer 18

Surfactant is a lipoprotein released by type II alveolar cells. It reduces the surface tension in alveoli, aiding in gas exchange.

Question 19

Gpt

Where is the heart located relative to the lungs, and how does this affect lung size?

Answer 19

The heart is located in the mediastinum, slightly on the left side, making the right lung larger than the left lung.

Question 20

Gpt

How many lobes do the right and left lungs have?

Answer 20

The right lung has three lobes: superior, middle, and inferior.
The left lung has two lobes: superior and inferior.

Question 21

Gpt

What is the pleura, and what is its function?

Answer 21

The pleura is a double membrane surrounding the lungs, containing pleural fluid, which protects the lungs and reduces friction.

Question 22

Gpt

Describe the interaction between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Answer 22

The heart’s pulmonary system sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart for systemic circulation.

Question 23

Gpt

What is gas exchange, and how does it occur in the lungs?

Answer 23

Gas exchange occurs by diffusion in the alveoli, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is released into the alveolar air space.

Question 24

Gpt

What factors influence the rate of diffusion in gas exchange? (3)

Answer 24

The rate of diffusion increases with a larger surface area, a steeper concentration gradient, and a shorter distance between the blood and alveoli.

Question 25

Gpt What is the primary function of the respiratory system? (3)

Answer 25

The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate gas exchange, supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide.

Question 26

Gpt What is the role of the capillaries in gas exchange?

Answer 26

Capillaries in the circulatory system interact with alveoli in the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 27

Gpt Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

Answer 27

The left lung is smaller to accommodate the heart's position in the mediastinum.

Question 28

Gpt What are bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 28

Bronchopulmonary segments are divisions of each lung lobe, each receiving air from its own bronchus and blood from its own artery.

Question 29

Gpt How do the alveolar ducts contribute to respiration?

Answer 29

Alveolar ducts connect bronchioles to alveoli, facilitating the flow of air to the sites of gas exchange.

Question 30

Gpt What happens to blood as it passes through the lungs?

Answer 30

Blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide is oxygenated in the lungs and returned to the heart for systemic circulation.

Question 31

Gpt How does surfactant improve lung function?

Answer 31

Surfactant reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing collapse and allowing efficient gas exchange.

Question 32

Gpt What is diffusion, and why is it important in the lungs?

Answer 32

Diffusion is a passive transport mechanism that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between alveoli and capillaries based on concentration gradients.

Question 33

Gpt What is the relationship between surface area and the rate of diffusion?

Answer 33

A larger surface area increases the rate of diffusion, enhancing gas exchange efficiency.

Question 34

Gpt Why is the distance between blood cells and alveoli important?

Answer 34

A shorter distance between blood cells and alveoli allows for faster diffusion of gases, improving respiratory efficiency.

Question 35

Gpt During diffusion in the lungs, where do oxygen and carbon dioxide move?

Answer 35

Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Question 36

Gpt What enables the diffusion of gases in the lungs?

Answer 36

The thin alveolar epithelium allows the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the capillaries.

Question 37

Gpt What causes air to flow into the lungs during inhalation?

Answer 37

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing lung volume and decreasing pressure, drawing air in.

Question 38

Gpt What is tidal volume?

Answer 38

Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs during a normal breath.

Question 39

Gpt What is residual volume?

Answer 39

Residual volume is the small amount of air rich in carbon dioxide that remains trapped in the alveoli after expiration.

Question 40

Gpt How does the brain regulate breathing?

Answer 40

The medulla oblongata monitors carbon dioxide levels and blood pH, adjusting respiration rates to maintain balance.

Question 41

Gpt What is asthma, and how does it affect the respiratory system?

Answer 41

Asthma is a condition where the airways narrow due to swelling or mucus buildup, causing difficulty in breathing and wheezing.

Question 42

Gpt Name some environmental factors that can damage the lungs. (3)

Answer 42

Chemicals, pollen, smoke, and other pollutants can damage lung cilia and cause emphysema, allergies, and inflammation.

Question 43

Gpt How does influenza affect the respiratory system?

Answer 43

Influenza is caused by a virus that infects respiratory cells, leading to mucus buildup, coughing, and pain as the immune system attacks infected cells.

Question 44

Gpt What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

Answer 44

The diaphragm contracts to increase lung volume during inhalation and relaxes to decrease lung volume during exhalation.

Question 45

Gpt What happens when blood pH decreases?

Answer 45

When blood pH decreases, respiration rates increase to reduce carbon dioxide levels and restore balance.

Question 46

ATI Manuel question Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs? A. Alveoli B. Heart C. Trachea D. Diaphragm

Answer 46

D is correct. The diaphragm is a muscle that increases and decreases the volume in the lungs. The trachea and alveoli function in transporting air and gas exchange. The heart is part of the circulatory system.

Question 47

ATI Manuel Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its function? A. Alveoli are large to maximize gas exchange B. The walls the alveoli are thin to increase the rate of diffusion C. The walls of the alveoli are thick to prevent pressure buildup D. Alveoli are small to increase the transportation of cells.

Answer 47

B is correct. The thin walls decrease the distance between the air and bloodstream, increasing the rate of diffusion. Increasing the distance would decrease the rate of diffusion. Small and numerous alveoli increase the surface area, which increases the rate of diffusion.

Question 48

ATI Manuel Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of the respiratory system? A. It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to cells all over the body. B. It involves the inhalation of exhalation of gases into the environment. C. It exchanges gases between the blood and the air in environment. D. It maintains proper blood level pH.

Answer 48

C is correct. The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. Gas exchange affects the pH of blood, but that is not the primary role of the system. Transporting gases is a role of the circulatory system.